Transcript Music through History Powerpoint

Music Through
History
Using Music in the Social Studies Curriculum
Megan Puckett
Medieval Period (476-1400)
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Gregorian Chant- supposed creator Pope Gregory I
Usually written in Latin and easily passed around
Chants were written in syllabic, melismatic or neumatic
styles
Music was transferred by troubadours, trouveres and
minnesinger
Polyphony happens mid-9th Century
Mensural notation (note values) happens mid-13th
century; followed by Franconian and Petronian notations
Ars Nova (new art) begins in 14th century by Phillippe de
Vitry
Important Medieval
Composers
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Messe de Notre Dame (Guillaume de
Machaut)- the first cyclical cycle of Mass
Ordinary
Secular styles of composition:
France-formes fixes, ballade, virelai, rondeaux,
canon;
Italy- balata, madrigal, caccia
England- rondellus
Renaissance (1400-1600)
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Protestant Reformation brings about other faiths/
churches and secular courts grow in size, number and
importance (arts are important)
Most music is unwritten at this time, shared from personto-person by memory; that which is written is done by
hand and expensive; music printing begins in early 16th
century
Most music is composed by the common man
Was essential to play/sing/read music & instruments
Bassoon invented.
Instruments of Renaissance
Period
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Keyboards are invented
Secular styles of composition:
Italy- chanson, frottola, madrigal
Germany- lieder, tenorlied, chorale
Spain- villancico
England- lute song, anthem, Italian madrigal
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Important Renaissance
Composers
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Guillame DuFay (1397-1474) serves in Papal
Chapels in Rome, Florence, Bologna, Savoy writing
mostly in French
Josquin des Prez (1450-1521) French; serves in
Milan, Rome, Ferrara and Notre Dame
John Dunstable (1390-1453) English; traveled in
France
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525 or 26-1594)
Italian
Orlando de Lassus (1530 or 32- 1594) served in
Italy and Bavaria
Baroque Period (1600-1750)
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Age of Absolutism (king authority)
France leads in utilizing the arts (Louis XIV)
Theaters and opera houses flourish and
compete against one another in London,
Hamburg and Venice
Music often conveyed a single emotion
Music is primarily written for the Church or
court
Cello, oboe and trombone are invented
Important Baroque
Composers
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Jean-Baptiste Lully
Antonio Vivaldi
Johann Sebastian Bach
George Frideric handel
Henry Purcell
Heinrich Schütz
Claudio Monteverdi
Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)
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The Four Seasons
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l
-dYNttdgl0
Italian church
composer; the Red
Priest; writes several
instrumental
concertos, some
sacred music and 46
operas; works at a
girls school
Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632-1687)
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Te Deum
born in Florence, but
considered father of
French opera; court
musician
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXTeWyyyluk
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
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German church musician
writing primarily for the
church and adjoined
school; had some 16
children; wrote well over
200 cantatas plus several
instrumental works for
keyboard and organ
Toccata and Fugue in D Minor
http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_78634
&v=ATbMw6X3T40&feature=iv
George Frideric Handel (1685-1759)
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German born musician,
also living in Italy and
finally England writing
operas, oratorios,
sacred music for
Anglican church, royal
weddings, coronations
and funerals.
Water Music Suite in F Major, Mvt. 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8slQkKlSKkI
Other Important Composers
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Henry Purcell (1659-1695) English composer; organist of Westminster Abbey; writes
music for plays and sacred anthems
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Heinrich Schütz (1585-1672) German church composer responsible for transmitting
the seconda prattica north of the Alps
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Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) Italian court composer; wrote madrigals and
dramatic works
Henry Purcell: Dido and Aeneas excerpts
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8Vkq5xKkHQ
Heinrich Schutz- Die mit Tränen säen SWV 378
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyQAkKHvBFo
Claudio Monteverdi L'Orfeo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jb2TURdBeEQ
Classical Period (1750-1800)
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Age of Enlightenment
Emerging musical styles: sonata, string
quartet, symphony and concertos (each has
3-4 contrasting mvts. Also, rondos and trios.
Piano invented/popularized
Important Classical
Composers
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Christoph Willibald Gluck
Joseph Haydn
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
William Billings
Others: Johann Christian Bach, Jean-Jacques
Rousseau, Domenico Scarlatti, Antonio Salieri,
Muzio Clementi, Johann Stamitz
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
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a child prodigy; begins
composing before age 5;
could hear something and
write it; wrote 41
symphonies, several string
quartets/quintets, chamber
works, piano solos,
concertos, operas, masses
and sacred works.
The Magic Flute Overture
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IR8GFUTMP_E
Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-1787)
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born in present day
Czech Republic, later
moves to Vienna;
composes many
operas in Italian and
French
Overture to Orpheus and Eurydice
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7vuat-5dv8
Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
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Austrian born,
eventually sent to
Vienna; writes many
symphonies, string
quartets, keyboard
sonatas; gives lessons
to child Beethoven
Surprise Symphony, Mvt. 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLjwkamp3lI
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714-1788)
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son of J. S. Bach; called
‘C.P.E. Bach’ and is
known as the ‘Berlin
Bach’ as he writes
similarly to his father;
writes especially for
keyboard and sacred
church music in his last
years
Concerto in D Minor, Part 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7vuat-5dv8Sa
William Billings (1746-1800)
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American composer;
helped to start the
American tradition of
music; publication
include The NewEngland PsalmSinger and The
Continental Harmony
Sacred Harp 479 Chester
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqQrWKfLNcw
Romantic Period (1800-1900)
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Domestic music-making is a necessity;
females played piano or sang at high level
Closely associated with Idealism
Concert overture, minstrels, parlor songs,
character pieces grow in importance
Banjos are among important instruments in
America; Saxophone and modern French
horn invented
Important Romantic
Composers
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Ludwig van Beethoven
Hector Berlioz
Modeste Mussorgsky
Felix Mendelssohn
Robert and Clara Schumann
Franz Schubert
Frederic Chopin
Franz Liszt
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
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German composer
who studies with
Haydn in Vienna;
composes for
instruments, especially
keyboard and the
voice
Symphony 3 (Eroica), Mvt. 4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cGBzOudjQhk
Hector Berlioz (1803-1869)
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French born and lives
mostly in Paris; known
for his large
instrumentation in
symphonies
Symphonie Fantastique pt. 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTD
bkp4HHs8
Modeste Mussorgsky (1839-1881)
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Russian composer
who incorporated folklike elements into his
music
Pictures at an Exhibition: Promenade pt 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5r8sa863Ts
Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847)
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German born; child
prodigy, making
several trips to
England; composes
symphonies, orchestral
works, chamber works,
piano and vocal works
(some oratorios)
Violin Concerto in E minor 1, mvt 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0aZt5vgFHE&feature=fvst
Robert Schumann (1810-1856)
& Clara Schumann (1819-1896)
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They married in 1840; he
composes piano works for
her, she plays them and is
known for her virtuosity;
Robert Schumann
additionally composes
symphonies, chamber
works, piano music and
lieder.
Traumerei/Reverie
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zzAvc_iHEI
Franz Schubert (1797-1828)
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Austrian born; worked
as a school teacher;
wrote lieder,
symphonies, string
quartets, chamber
works and piano
sonatas.
Ave Maria
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2bosouX_d8Y
Frederic Chopin (1810-1849)
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Polish born which was
then under Russian
domination, but settles in
France; mostly composes
for piano: nocturnes,
etudes, polonaises,
waltzes, sonatas,
ballades, scherzos,
impromptus, etc.
Nocturne Op. 9, No. 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tV5U8kVYS88
Franz Liszt (1811-1886)
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Hungarian born, later
moves to Vienna and
France, travelling
often; composes
symphonies, piano
and vocal works
Liebestraum
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW_MAQj0aIA
Other Important Composers
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Richard Wagner, Verdi and Gilbert and Sullivan
are the great operatic composers
Lowell Mason, Stephen Foster and Louis Moreau
Gottschalk are U.S. composers
Strauss, Mahler, Brahms are other important
composers
Sousa The Stars and Stripes Forever http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9ePaETGQZ0
Claude Debussy: Clair de lune http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlvUepMa31o
Paul Hindemith: Symphony in B Flat http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWQ93Vu5qUw
Sergei Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 3, Mvt. 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oA0kXDMKiLg
Giacomo Puccini: Nessun Dorma from Turandot http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdTBml4oOZ8
Igor Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gZbMOq_Ge8&feature=related
Charles Ives Three Quarter-Tone Pieces (1924), Mvt. II. Allegro
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EU85bUyDPWs
Twentieth Century (EarlyMid 1900’s)
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Impressionism- one of earliest attempts to
explore new musical approaches
Atonality, serial composition, dodecaphony,
ragtime, blues, jazz, rock, etc. are invented
Neo-Classicism is popular
Jazz, Rock N Roll, etc. lead to electronic
music, aleatory music, minimalism and
postmodernism
Tuba invented
Important 20th Century
Composers
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American: Charles Ives, John Philip Sousa, Irving Berlin, George Gershwin, Richard Rogers, Samuel
Barber, Gian Carlo Menotti, Vincent Persichetti, John Cage
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French: Claude Debussy, Francis Poulenc, Olivier Messiaen
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Hungarian: Bela Bartok
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Italian: Giaccomo Puccini, Ottorino Respighi
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English: Ralph Vaughan Williams, Benjamin Britten, Edward Elgar, Gustav Holst
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German: Paul Hindemith
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Russian: Sergei Rachmaninoff, Dmitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky
John Philip Sousa: The Stars and Stripes Forever http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9ePaETGQZ0
Claude Debussy: Clair de lune http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlvUepMa31o
Paul Hindemith: Symphony in B Flat http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWQ93Vu5qUw
Sergei Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 3, Mvt. 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oA0kXDMKiLg
Giacomo Puccini: Nessun Dorma from Turandot http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdTBml4oOZ8
Igor Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gZbMOq_Ge8&feature=related
Charles Ives Three Quarter-Tone Pieces (1924), Mvt. II. Allegro http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EU85bUyDPWs
Helpful Links
Time Period links
http://www.essentialsofmusic.com/
http://www.classicalworks.com/his.pages/timeline.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/15413/history/music-history.htm
http://www.stevenestrella.com/composers/index.html?styletimeline.html
Composer links
http://www.8notes.com/artists/
http://www.essentialsofmusic.com/
American music
http://www.lonestar.edu/library/kin_music1.htm
http://www.americanmusicpreservation.com/Americanmusictimeline.htm
http://www.earlyamerica.com/music/
http://www.colonialmusic.org/Resource/Resources.htm