Transcript Art and Culture Nazi Germany

ART AND CULTURE
NAZI GERMANY
www.educationforum.co.uk
Aims
• The promotion of "Aryan" culture and the suppression of
other forms of artistic production was yet another Nazi
effort to "purify" Germany and spread Nazi propaganda
• Art and culture were important vehicles for spreading the
idea of the Peoples Community.
• Art and culture became propaganda
Book Burning
• In 1933, Nazi Minister for Popular Enlightenment and
Propaganda Joseph Goebbels began the synchronization
of culture, by which the arts were brought in line with Nazi
goals.
• The government purged cultural organizations of Jews
and others alleged to be politically or artistically suspect.
• The works of leading German writers such as Bertolt
Brecht, Lion Feuchtwanger, and Alfred Kerr were
consigned to flames in a book burning ceremony in Berlin.
Book burning by Nazi soldiers and university
students, Germany, 1933
Nazification
• Beginning in September 1933, a Reich Culture Chamber
(composed of the Reich Film Chamber, Reich Music
Chamber, Reich Theatre Chamber, Reich Press Chamber,
Reich Writing Chamber, Reich Chamber for Fine Arts, and
the Reich Radio Chamber) supervised and regulated all
facets of German culture
Degenerate Art
• Nazi aesthetics emphasized the propagandistic value of
art and glorified the peasantry, the "Aryan," and the
heroism of war. This ideology stood in stark contrast to
modern, innovative art, such as abstract painting,
denounced as "Degenerate Art," as well as "art
bolshevism" and "culture bolshevism."
Architecture
• In architecture, the Nazis constructed monumental
edifices in a sterile classical form meant to convey the
"greatness" of their political movement and the strength of
‘Aryans’
1936 Olympic Stadium designed by the
Nazis
Literature
• In literature, they promoted the works of writers such as
Adolf Bartels and Hitler Youth poet Hans Baumann, and
established a "black list" to facilitate the removal of
"unacceptable" books from public libraries. Aside from
peasant literature and historical novels centering on the
Volk (people), German cultural authorities promoted war
novels in order to prepare the population for conflict
Film
• German "art cultivation" (a term for all measures aimed at
promoting artists and the arts) also extended to film.
Heavily subsidized by the state, the motion picture
industry was an important propaganda tool. Films such as
Leni Riefenstahl's "Triumph of the Will" and "Der
Hitlerjunge Quex" glorified the Nazi party and the Hitler
Youth. Other films, such as "Ich klage an," justified the
Euthanasia Program, while "Jud Suess" and the "Der
ewige Jude" (The Eternal Jew) perpetuated antisemitic
stereotypes.
Music
• In music, the Nazis promoted the works of German
composers such as Johann Sebastian Bach, Ludwig van
Beethoven, Anton Bruckner, and Richard Wagner, while
banning performances of pieces by "non-Aryans" such as
Felix Mendelssohn and Gustav Mahler. Adolf Hitler
regularly attended the operas at the Bayreuth Festivals
held in honor of the composer Richard Wagner. The Nazis
disseminated nationalist songs and marches to
encourage ideological indoctrination.
Scene from Ich Klag an
Theatre
• Theatre companies produced plays by great German
writers such as Goethe and Schiller, as well as National
Socialist dramas. To create a greater sense of the Volk or
national community (Volksgemeinschaft), the Nazis
ordered the construction of large outdoor amphitheatres.