Transcript Literature
Content Religion Language Clothing Cuisine customs Performing arts Literature Religion Vietnam has a diverse mix of major religions with a large number of followers, religious figures, and monks such as Buddhism, Christianity and Islam and some indigenous religions such as Caodaism and Hoa Hao and so on. Caodaism is a syncretistic religion which combines elements from many of the world's main religions, including Buddhism, Confucianism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Taoism. Meantime ,many larges of people respect Buddhism. 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam have different languages, 24 ethnic groups have their own scripts such as Thai, Hmong, Tay, Nung, and Khmer. The Vietnamese language has been selected as the common language for the education system from pre- school to tertiary education. The French language, a legacy of colonial rule, is still spoken by some older Vietnamese as a second language, but has declined in popularity. In recent years, as Vietnam's contacts with Western nations have increased, English has become more popular as a second language. Clothing The áo dài（奥黛） is a Vietnamese national costume, now most commonly worn by women. In its current form, it is a tight-fitting silk tunic worn over pantaloons. The word is pronounced ow zai in the North and ow yai in the South of the country. Áo is derived from a Middle Chinese word meaning "padded coat" (袄 ). Dài means "long". 奥黛 Ao Dai Ao dai is also the uniform of high school in vietnam Vietnamese cooking Traditional Vietnamese cooking is greatly admired for its fresh ingredients, minimal use of oil, and reliance on herbs and vegetables. Vietnamese food is often ranked as one of the healthiest cuisines in the world. fresh herbs Fish sauce Cuisine Vietnamese cuisine is the cooking and baking of various foods and beverages developed in Vietnam. Regular ingredients include Fish sauce(鱼露), shrimp paste（虾酱）, soy sauce（豆酱）, rice, fresh herbs（香草）, fruits and vegetables. The most common meats used in Vietnamese cuisine are fish, chicken, pork, beef, and various kinds of seafood. The Vietnamese also have a strong vegetarian tradition influenced by Buddhist values. Balut Superstition in Vietnam A certain necklace wards off evil spirits A young man born in "the Year of the Tiger," cannot marry his beloved from "the Year of the Horse" The hoot of an owl is regarded as a bad omen announcing death or illness A large number of fortune-tellers Superstition in Vietnam Avoid public displays of affection with a member of the opposite sex. Do not touch someone's head. Pass items with both hands. Do not point with your finger - use your hand. Do not cross your arms on your chest. Do not pass anything over someone's head. Do not touch anyone on the shoulder. Do not touch a member of the opposite sex. Shorts should only be worn at the beach. Performing arts：music •Vietnamese music varies slightly in the three regions: Bắc or North, Trung or Central, and Nam or South. Northern classical music is Vietnam's oldest and is traditionally more formal. Vietnamese classical music can be traced to the Mongol invasions（蒙古入侵）, when the Vietnamese captured a Chinese opera troupe. Central classical music shows the influences of Champa（占 城--印度支那古国） culture with its melancholic melodies （忧郁的曲调）. Vietnamese Drama 越南戏剧的产生发展较为复杂。根据现状 推测，是以中国元杂剧为基础，吸收了一 些越南流行的歌曲后形成的，是传统的古 代戏，兼用韵文和散文，分折演出。唱词 和说白全用越汉音。唱腔缠绵悱恻,舞蹈性 较强 所演多为忠臣孝子等故事。 剧种：□剧、嘲剧、改良剧、话剧 Water puppetry水上木偶戏 •Water Puppetry is a distinct Vietnamese art which had its origins in the 10th century. In Water Puppetry a splitbamboo screen obscures puppets which stand in water, and are manipulated using long poles hidden beneath the water. Epic story lines are played out with many different puppets, often using traditional scenes of Vietnamese life. The puppets are made from quality wood, such as the South East Asian Jackfruit tree（波罗蜜果树）. Each puppet is carefully carved, and then painted with numerous successive layers of paint to protect the puppets. Literature Vietnamese literature includes two major components: folk literature and written literature. The two forms developed simultaneously and are profoundly interrelated. Literature folk literature: Vietnamese folk literature came into being very early and had a profound effect on the spiritual life of the Viet. The folk literature contributed to the formation of Vietnam's national identity with praising beauty, humanism, and the love of goodness. Legends, fairy tales, humorous stories, folk songs, epic poems have a tremendous vitality and have lived on until today. Literature Written literature： was born roughly in the 10th century. Up until the 21th century, there had been two components existing at the same time: works written in the Han characters (with poems and prose demonstrating the Vietnamese soul and realities; thus, they were still regarded as Vietnamese literature) and works written in the Nom character(喃字) (mostly poems; many great works were handed down to the later generations). "Mysterious tales of the Southern Realm"