Transcript folk literature

Culture of Vietnam
The culture of Vietnam, an agricultural
civilization based on the cultivation of wet
rice, is one of the oldest in East Asia; the
ancient Bronze age Dong Son culture（东
山文化） is considered to be one of its
most important progenitors. Due to the
long-term Chinese influence on its
civilization, in terms of politics, government
and Confucian social and moral ethics,
Vietnam is considered to be part of the East
Asian Cultural Sphere.
Gin(京族、越族) is the major nationality
of Vietnam, so culture of Vietnam often
means culture of Gin
东山文化—青铜鼓
Religion and philosophy
• Religion in Vietnam has historically
been largely defined by the East
Asian mix of Buddhism,
Confucianism, and Taoism. They are
the so-called Tam Giáo, or "triple
religion." Beyond Tam Giáo,
Catholicism is also practiced in
modern Vietnam. Vietnamese
Buddhism has typically been the
most popular. This fits perfectly with
the "triple religion" concept, making it
difficult for many Vietnamese to
identify exactly which religion they
practice.
language
• The official national language of Vietnam is
Vietnamese, a tonal monosyllabic Mon–Khmer
language(单音节孟-高棉族语) which is spoken by
the majority of the population.
• In its early history, Vietnamese writing used Chinese
characters. In the 13th century, the Vietnamese
developed their own set of characters, referred to as
Chữ nôm.
图片的越南文写的是“我说越南
语”；第一行是用国语字写的越
南文，第二行是用汉喃混写的越
南文。三个有下划线的字为喃字
• Vietnam's minority groups speak a variety of
languages, including Tày, Mường, Cham, Khmer,
Chinese, Nùng, and H'Mông. The Montagnard
peoples of the Central Highlands also speak a
number of distinct languages.
• The French language, a legacy of colonial rule,
is still spoken by some older Vietnamese as a
second language, but has declined in popularity.
In recent years, as Vietnam's contacts with
Western nations have increased, English has
become more popular as a second language.
Clothing
The áo dài（奥黛） is a Vietnamese
national costume, now most commonly
worn by women. In its current form, it is a
tight-fitting silk tunic worn over pantaloons.
The word is pronounced ow zai in the
North and ow yai in the South of the
country. Áo is derived from a Middle
Chinese word meaning "padded coat" (袄
). Dài means "long".
Ao Dai
Ao dai is also the uniform
of high school in vietnam
parts of an
ao dai
Cuisine
• Vietnamese cuisine is the cooking and baking of
various foods and beverages developed in
Vietnam. Regular ingredients include Fish
sauce(鱼露), shrimp paste（虾酱）, soy sauce
（豆酱）, rice, fresh herbs（香草）, fruits and
vegetables.
• Traditional Vietnamese cooking is greatly
admired for its fresh ingredients, minimal use of
oil, and reliance on herbs and vegetables.
Vietnamese food is often ranked as one of the
healthiest cuisines in the world.
• fresh herbs
•
•
Fish sauce
• The most common meats used in
Vietnamese cuisine are fish, chicken, pork,
beef, and various kinds of seafood. The
Vietnamese also have a strong vegetarian
tradition influenced by Buddhist values.
鸭仔蛋
• 鸭仔蛋也是值得尝试的一项美食，
一个约3000越盾，折合人民币
1.2元，不过就看你有没有那个勇
气吞下它了。所谓鸭仔蛋，就是
未孵化完成，即生长到一半的鸭
蛋，不特别烹煮，只是将其煮熟，
吃壳内的肉蛋。也许有些人会觉
得很残忍，不过仔细想了一想，
成长好再杀了吃与成长到一半杀
来吃其实并没两样，不过因为蛋
壳内的成长程度无法得知，所以
有时可能会吃到“羽毛”，只是
吃下去的是蛋还是肉，有点搞不
太清楚。
Performing arts：music
•Vietnamese music varies slightly in the three
regions: Bắc or North, Trung or Central, and
Nam or South. Northern classical music is
Vietnam's oldest and is traditionally more formal.
• Vietnamese classical music
can be traced to the Mongol
invasions（蒙古入侵）, when
the Vietnamese captured a
Chinese opera troupe.
Central classical music
shows the influences of
Champa（占城--印度支那古
国） culture with its
melancholic melodies（忧郁
的曲调）.
Performing arts：Water puppetry
水上木偶戏
•Water Puppetry is a distinct Vietnamese art which
had its origins in the 10th century. In Water Puppetry a
split-bamboo screen obscures puppets which stand in
water, and are manipulated using long poles hidden
beneath the water.
• Epic story lines are played out with
many different puppets, often
using traditional scenes of
Vietnamese life. The puppets are
made from quality wood, such as
the South East Asian Jackfruit tree
（波罗蜜果树）. Each puppet is
carefully carved, and then painted
with numerous successive layers
of paint to protect the puppets.
Martial arts
武术
•Vietnamese martial arts is highly developed from the
country‘s very long history of warfare and attempts to defend
itself from foreign occupation. Although most heavily
influenced by Chinese martial arts, it has developed its own
characteristics throughout the millennia in combination with
other influences from its neighbours.
• Vietnamese martial arts is deeply
spiritual due to the influence of
Confucianism, Buddhism and
Taoism, and is strongly reliant on
the “Viet Vo Dao”（越南武道）
(philosophy of Vietnamese martial
arts). It is probably most famous
for its scissor kicks.（剪刀腿）
Literature
• Vietnamese literature includes two major
components: folk literature and written
literature. The two forms developed
simultaneously and are profoundly
interrelated.
Literature
• folk literature: Vietnamese folk literature
came into being very early and had a profound
effect on the spiritual life of the Viet. The folk
literature contributed to the formation of
Vietnam's national identity with praising beauty,
humanism, and the love of goodness. Legends,
fairy tales, humorous stories, folk songs, epic
poems have a tremendous vitality and have
lived on until today.
Literature
• Written literature was born
roughly in the 10th century.
Up until the 21th century,
there had been two
components existing at the
same time: works written in
the Han characters (with
poems and prose
demonstrating the
Vietnamese soul and
realities; thus, they were still
regarded as Vietnamese
literature) and works written
in the Nom character(喃字)
(mostly poems; many great
works were handed down to
the later generations).
"Mysterious tales of the Southern
Realm"
Thank You