Transcript Section C: Contemporary studies in physical education and sport

Section C: Contemporary studies
in physical education and sport
1. The conceptual basis of physical
education and sport
Syllabus
• Defining the field of study
– Play / physical recreation / sport / physical education
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Leisure and recreation
Physical and outdoor recreation
Towards a concept of play
Towards a concept of sport
Physical education and outdoor education
Relationships between play, physical recreation,
sport and physical education
See PDF document titled
‘The Play+Sport+Continuum’ for
information on defining the field of
study
What is meant by physical activity?
• Is an umbrella term encompassing any activity
that requires an individual to exert a certain
amount of energy, resulting in an increase in
their heart rate
• Physical activity may include:
– Different activities from playing games to
adventurous activities;
– Recreation or competitive and organised sport
Recreation, physical recreation and
active leisure
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Long been connected with relaxation and recuperation
Considered a benefit to society as well as the individual
Reasons for participating in recreational activities:
– Socialise
– Keep fit (feel good factor)
– Sense of well-being and self-fulfilment
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Recreation is now viewed as activities in which people participate in their leisure
time
Can incorporate sedentary activities such as reading
Consists of activities or experiences usually chosen voluntarily by the participant
Recreation is
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(often) activity based
An extension of play
Occurs in leisure time
Is not an obligation
Is socially acceptable
Is morally sound
Is valuable to individuals and society
Characteristics of recreation
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Freedom and free time
Self-expression
Satisfaction and self-fulfilment
Quality of experience
No pressure or obligation to take part
Range of activities
Experience and development
What is physical education?
• Is an academic discipline (an organised, formal
body of knowledge)
• Primary focus is the study of human
movement
• Is an educational process which aims to
enhance total human development and
performance, though movement and the
experience of a range of physical activities
within an educational setting
Aims of physical education
– Develop a range of psycho-motor skills
– Maintain and increase physical mobility and
flexibility, stamina and strength
– Develop understanding and appreciation of a
range of physical activities
– Develop positive attitudes and values, such as
sportsmanship, competition and abiding by the
rules
Objectives of physical education
• Physical education can affect different areas of
development
– Physical
– Motor development
– Cognitive development
– Affective or emotional development
Outdoor and adventurous activities
• Take place in the natural environment,
including situations which are dangerous and
challenging
Outdoor education
• Participation in outdoor and adventurous
activities in the natural environment,
developing educational values
Outdoor recreation
• Participation in outdoor and adventurous
activities within the natural environment in an
individual’s free time
Risk
• The possibility of incurring injury or loss; being
exposed to danger or a hazard
• Outdoor activities pose situations of real and
perceived risk
– Real risk – from the natural environment, such as rock
fall
– Perceived risk – this is where the sense of adventure
comes from, and leaders need to be aware of this. If
the perceived risk is too great for the ability level of
the performer, feelings of anxiety could become
overwhelming.