Transcript Omar Khan

Integration and Muslims:
A wider agenda
Omar Khan, Director
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About Runnymede
Runnymede is the UK’s leading independent
race equality think tank. We work through:
High quality research and analysis
Engaging communities
Influencing policy
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What Do We Mean By
Integration?
• Different domains (compare CLG policy)
• Which groups (not only Muslims, or minorities)
• How measure?
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Summary of Citizenship Survey (1)
• 90% of Muslims – and also Hindus, Sikhs and ethnic
minority Christians – in Britain report a strong sense of
personal belonging to Britain.
• Muslims across a variety of ethnicities were more likely to
report feeling British than were Caribbean Christians.
• The strength of this sense of Britishness was associated
with age, gender, place of birth and, risk of racist
victimisation. Those who perceived themselves at risk of
victimisation were less likely to personally feel part of
Britain, or of strongly belonging to Britain. (See also
EMBES and ‘sociotropic’ findings)
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Summary of Citizenship Survey (2)
• Yet while a sense of belonging to Britain
generated from an individual’s sense of
having a legitimate claim to British identities,
this sense of legitimacy is affected by the
responses of others in wider society to this.
Those who are consistently told that they are
‘not British’ are less likely to feel that they
are.
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Different Domains?
•
CLG sees as one process in its Integration Strategy, but we disaggregated:
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Common ground: shared aspirations and values focusing on commonalities rather than
differences;
Responsibility: a sense of mutual commitments and obligations, personal and social
responsibility;
Social mobility: the realisation of people’s potential, particularly with regard to
occupational and educational attainments;
Participation and Empowerment: taking part in the civic and political life of the country
both at the national and local level;
Tackling intolerance and extremism: responding to intolerance, discrimination,
extremist views and everything that causes social tensions.
We found variation by ethnic group and migrant background on the above,
Other possible domains?: Residential, socioeconomic, participation-political,
cultural, interpersonal
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National identity by ethnic group in
England, 2011
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National Identity by religion, 2011
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Change in Separation, ethnicity
Separation in
1991
Separation in
Separation in
2001
2011
100%
90%
80%
70%
Pakistani 61% (-0%)
60%
Bangladeshi 58% (-3%)
Caribbean 58% (-4%)
African 54% (-13%)
Indian 51% (-5%)
White 49% (-2%)
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Chinese 34% (+2%)
The Index of Dissimilarity across 376 local
authorities of England and Wales. 100% means
complete separation. 0% means completely evenly
spread.
The change from 2001 to 2011 is shown in brackets
after the 2011 value.
0%
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Change in Separation, religion
Separation in
2001
100%
Separation in
2011
The Index of Dissimilarity across 376 local
authorities of England and Wales. 100% means
complete separation. 0% means completely
evenly spread.
The change from 2001 to 2011 is shown in
brackets after the 2011 value.
90%
80%
70%
Jewish 63% (+1%)
60%
50%
Muslim 54% (-2%)
Hindu 52% (-5%)
40%
30%
Buddhist 26% (-4%)
20%
10%
Christian 15% (-2%)
No religion 12% (+0%)
0%
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Child poverty by ethnic group
Persistent poverty by ethnic group
Low pay and wage inequality
Much wage inequality driven by
‘occupational segregation’
But also over-qualification
(see also Runnymede briefing on Russell group graduates)
Very or fairly disatisfied with
democracy
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Rejection of non-violence
Sources: EMBES, BES 2010, BES Continuous Monitoring Survey, October 2011
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Distrust police
18
Distrust politicians
19
Couples in inter-ethnic relationships
20
Percentage of White British who would mind if
a relative married a different ethnic group
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Muslim
Asian
West Indian
Black African
Eastern European
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Conclusion
• Integration isn’t a uniform, linear process
• Runnymede view argue that some ‘domains’ are more important for
building a successful multi-ethnic democracy
• Integration applies to all groups, not just Muslims, and not just
minorities
• In general integration is progressing relatively well
• But there are concerns, more around socio-economic
disadvantage and discrimination
• Personal attitudes matter, including majority attitudes
• Islamophobia is a form of racism; 1997 Report still useful
• Wider platform of all committed to anti-discrimination
and anti-racism
Roy Jenkins on Integration
• Home Secretary Roy Jenkins famously
described integration in 1966 ‘not as a
flattening process of assimilation but as
equal opportunity, accompanied by cultural
diversity, in an atmosphere of mutual
tolerance’.