Transcript 8th P Social Psych Vocab

Social Thinking
By: Shanell Thompson, Will
Nguyen, Ashley Hendrickson, and
Steven Tuttle
8th Period
Social Thinking
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8g9OszJ
FIzg&list=PLay1KhhNtoQlf6Mh7ylloghf8MvB
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Social Psychology
- The scientific study
of how we think
about, influence,
and relate to one
another.
★ How we react to people’s actions.
★ We analyze why people act the way they do.
➔ Apply attribution theory to explain motives (e.g.,
fundamental attribution error, self-serving bias).
Example: Was the horrors of
9/11 the work of crazed people,
or of ordinary people corrupted
by life events?
Attribution Theory
-The theory that we
explain someone’s
behavior by crediting
either the situation
or the person’s
disposition.
Someone cuts in line:
★ They are rude, selfish and inconsiderate
★ Unaware there was a line or they were a part of a group
further up in the line.
Fundamental Attribution Error
Definition: The tendency for observers when analyzing another's
behavior to underestimate to impact of the situation and to
overestimate the impact of personal disposition.
Example: walking around
school over analyzing
people you see other
them seeing them as high
school students.
Attitude
Feelings often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond
in a particular way to object people ; and events.
Objectives: Changes central route to
persuasion.
Example: Ashley shows lots of attitude towards
her group when we kept changing her slide
when doing our group project.
Central Route Persuasion
● Attitude change path in which interested people focus on the
arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.
● For example, after hearing a political debate you may decide to
vote for a candidate because you found the candidates views and
arguments very convincing.
Peripheral Route Persuasion
● Attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental
cues
● For example, after reading a political debate you may decide to
vote for a candidate because you like the sound of the person’s
voice or you find the person attractive.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OTVcByOTzo
Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small
request to comply later with a larger request
An example of this is when U.S. soldiers were captured
by the Chinese communists. They were asked to do
simple tasks while they were there and when they were
freed, 21 of them chose to stay with the communists.
❖ Discuss attitudes and how they change
People’s attitudes can be changed through this
phenomenon
Role
A set of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the
position ought to behave
An example of this is the role of the mother in a family. In some
cultures, the mother is expected to stay at home and take care of the
children while the father works and makes money
❖ Predict the impact of the presence of others on individual behavior
❖ Articulate the impact of social and cultural categories (e.g., gender,
race, ethnicity) on self-concept and relations with others.
❖ Explain how individuals respond to expectations of others
Roles are due to the impact of others and the social ideas.
Conformity
Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
An example of this is in a jury, when the vote is unanimous except for
one person. This person will feel that they must conform to the group
because they are the only one with a differing opinion
❖ Explain how individuals respond to
expectations of others
People are influenced by others to conform to
the group’s ideas
Normati
ve
Social
Influenc
e
Type of social influence leading to
conformity.
Defined as "the influence of other people that leads us to
conform in order to be liked and accepted by them". Ex. If you
go to a play, many times you will applaud when others do
even if you didn't really like the play that much. You do this to
avoid the disapproval of the other people.
Informa
tional
Social
Influenc
e
Seeking information from your social
surroundings, which influences your
behavior.
You are watching a football game with some friends and want
to seem like a hardcore fan, but have no idea how the game
works so you watch how your friends react to the game and
incorporate that to seem like you know what the game is
about.
Social
Facilitat
ion
an improvement in performance
produced by the mere presence of
others. There are two types of social
facilitation: co-action effects and
audience effect.
When biking in a timed race alone the times are lower vs
when biking with a group in a timed race the times are higher

Co-action is a phenomenon
whereby increased task
performance comes about by
the mere presence of others
doing the same task.
Deindivi
duation
The losing of self-awareness in groups
When David, a very quiet and respectful kid, hangs out with
his friends and begins to talk back to authority figures
vandalize other people’s property.
Group
Polariza
tion
The tendency for groups to make
decisions that are more extreme than
the initial inclination of its members.
On Black Friday, a group of normally calm and gentle middle
aged soccer moms partake in a violent struggle to enter their
neighborhood Walmart, resulting in four deaths from being
trampled.
Groupth
ink
the practice of thinking or making
decisions as a group in a way that
discourages creativity or individual
responsibility.
An isolated group of people from the same racial and ethnic
background who do not know any people personally who are
different from them. The group may come to distrust or even
hate outsiders because they do not understand them and
because they want to reinforce the moral superiority and
unity of their own group.
cognitiv
e
dissona
nce
theory
The state of having inconsistent
thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes,
especially as relating to behavioral
decisions and attitude change.
It is important for the man to take care of the environment.
He is driving a car that is not environmentally-friendly.
Normati
ve
Social
Type of social influence leading to
conformity.
Defined as "the influence of other people that leads us to
conform in order to be liked and accepted by them". Ex. If you
go to a play, many times you will applaud when others do
Social Influence
Nathan Nguyen, Kyle Larson,
Emily Rau
Culture
Shallow: The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group and transmitted from one
generation to the next.
Deep: An american celebrating holidays like thanksgivings and the 4th and living an american lifestyle.
Norm
Shallow: an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms describe proper behavior.
Deep: You do not hit people because it is mean and can inflict harm to oneself and others
Prejudice
Shallow: an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. It generally involves stereotypical beliefs, negative
feelings, and predisposition to discriminatory beliefs.
Deep: I don’t like dogs because they are known to attack people and they shed everywhere
Stereotype
Shallow:a generalized belief about a group of people.
Deep: A white person says they do not like black people because they think black people are all thieves and thugs
Discrimination
Shallow:unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.
Deep: The KKK towards all black people
Ingroup
Shallow:“Us”- people with whom we share a common identity.
Deep: A chess player and his chess club
Outgroup
Shallow:“Them”- those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup.
Deep: Gay people who don’t feel accepted by the rest of society
Ingroup Bias
Shallow:the tendency to favor our own group.
Deep: A nerd in school is more likely to talk to another nerd than a jock.
Themes
· Apply attribution theory to explain motives (e.g., fundamental attribution error, self-serving bias).
· Describe the structure and function of different kinds of group behavior (e.g., deindividuation, group
polarization).
· Explain how individuals respond to expectations of others, including groupthink, conformity, and
obedience to authority.
· Discuss attitudes and how they change (e.g., central route to persuasion).
· Predict the impact of the presence of others on individual behavior (e.g., bystander effect, social
facilitation).
· Describe processes that contribute to differential treatment of group members (e.g., in-group/out-group
dynamics, ethnocentrism, prejudice).
· Articulate the impact of social and cultural categories (e.g., gender, race, ethnicity) on self-concept and
relations with others.
Social Influence 4
Maddie Duffy Calvin Fei Bo Longmore Zach
McKee
Objectives
● Describe the variables that contribute to
altruism, aggression and attraction.
● Articulate the impact of social and cultural
categories on a self concept and relations
with others.
● Anticipate the impact of behavior on the
self-fulfilling prophecy
Scapegoat Theory
Shallow learning: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet
for anger by providing someone to blame
Deep learning/Example: According to scapegoat theory,
during the holocaust the Germans used the Jews as
scapegoats for all of their countries problems (which
included economic problems across the country), focused
all of their anger on the Jews, allowed their anger and
hatred to build, and focused all of their anger, frustration,
and problems on the Jews.
Other-race Effect
Shallow learning: tendency to recall faces
of one’s race more accurately than the faces
of other races.
Deep learning: not being able to distinguish
between the different types of Asian races
when growing up in a Western society.
Just-world Phenomenon
Shallow learning: the tendency for people
to believe the world is just and that people
therefore get what they deserve and
deserve what they get
Deep learning: A criminal receives the
death sentence for murdering someone
because a person (judge) thinks it is just
Aggression
Shallow learning: any physical or verbal
behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Deep learning: A lion pounces on a snake.
Example: Drunk man beats someone with a
club for not complying with him.
Frustration-aggression Principle
Shallow learning: the principle that
frustration - the blocking of an attempt to
achieve some goal - creates anger, which
can generate aggression
Deep learning/Example: After getting your
car wrecked, which resulted in you being
late for work, you shout out at you
coworkers.
Social Relations
Cassie Gilmour, Nate Steenis,
Zach Weibel, Michael LaBlanc
Mere Exposure Effect
Shallow – phenomenon by which people
tend to develop a preference for things
merely because they are familiar with them
Deep – Keeping the same style of haircut
you have had for years; and having the
barber be the same one that has worked
down the street for years.
Passionate Love
Shallow – an aroused state of intense positive absorption in
another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship;
that giddy feeling you get when you first fall in love; wanting to
touch or kiss all the time
Deep – a young high school couple that just started dating
Companionate Love
Shallow – the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those
with whom our lives are intertwined; the love that usually comes
after passionate love; between people who love each other, like
each other, and respect each other
Deep – a married couple that has been together for a while
Equity
Shallow – a condition in which people receive from a relationship
in proportion to what they give to it
Deep – when you work together you feel more passion towards it
rather than when just one person does all the work you both do
not feel that same passion for it
Example – When the husband does all the dishes and cleans the
kitchen he feels passionate about keeping the kitchen clean.
Then when the wife leaves her dishes out and doesn’t clean up
she does care because she didn’t help to clean the kitchen. This
would be resolved if they both worked together to clean the
kitchen and shared the same passion for keeping the kitchen
clean.
Self-Disclosure
Shallow – revealing intimate aspects of
oneself to others; you share the things only
with the ones you trust
Deep – you tell things to your best friend
that you wouldn’t tell anyone else
Altruism
Shallow – the unselfish regard for the
welfare of others; acts done with altruism
can make better friends.
Deep – The Good Samaritan has a strong
sense of altruism because he helps others
expecting nothing in return.
Bystander Effect
Shallow – phenomenon that refers to cases in which
individuals do not offer any means of help to a victim
when other people are present
Deep – Walking in the hallway, you see little Arnold
cornered into the lockers by Harold. As you walk by,
his eyes catch your glance and eye contact is made
for a few seconds. With fear and helplessness in his
face, his eyes scream for help, but you walk on, as
no one else is doing anything about it. You’d just feel
awkward putting yourself out like that.
Objectives
Describe the structure and function of different kinds of group behavior
Love makes people act differently towards others based on how they feel about them.
Discuss attitudes and how they change (e.g., central route to persuasion).
In relation to equity, a person’s attitude towards a relationship changes depending on what the other person
does.
Predict the impact of the presence of others on individual behavior (e.g.,
bystander effect, social facilitation).
Similar to the previous one. People are motivated by how they feel about other people.
Articulate the impact of social and cultural categories (e.g., gender, race,
ethnicity) on self-concept and relations with others.
Social norms of diff cultures make different standards of intimacy which affects self disclosure
Describe the variables that contribute to altruism, aggression, and attraction
Altruism is related to the motivation for people to help others.