Transcript lect 2,3 CHS 382

CHS 382
Fundamentals of Health Education
By: Iffat Elbarazi
Lecturer
KSU
L 2- Sem,21429
Definition of Health Education




Process that involve influencing positively behaviour, attitudes,
skills, knowledge, related to individuals, community, and group
health
It is a process that needs time, planning and focus on certain
behaviour to promote health
Green: he is any combination of learning experiences
(methods, activities) designed to facilitate voluntary adaptations
of behaviour conducive to health
Other definitions mentioned self powering, empowerment,
policy makers, self concept, self esteem,




Any combination of learning experiences
designed to facilitate voluntary adoptions of
behaviors conducive to health.
Educate, motivate, refer, follow-up
Complex health care system
Targets: knowledge, attitudes, behaviors
Health Education

Should work on 3 levels:
–
–
–
Governmental: policies
Organizations: enact policies
Individuals: practice healthy behaviour
Health Promotion
Health
Protection
Prevention
Health
Education
Prevention




Reducing injuries, illnesses, disabilities on
three levels:
1- Primary
2- Secondary
3- Tertiary


The process of enabling people to increase control
and to improve their health
Prerequisites;
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Shelter
Education
Food
Income
Stable ecosystem
Resources
Social justice
Five elements for HP






By building health public policy
Create supportive environment
Strengthen community action
Develop personal skills
Reorient health services
Green: Combination of educational and
environmental supports for action, conditions of
living conducive to health: (social, political,
economical, organizational, policies, regulations)
Is there a difference between health
education and health promotion?


Health education: learner directed
Health promotion: broader concept directed
toward advocating health
–
–
–
–
–
Individual and community education
Environmental change
Policy changes
Economic changes
Shifts in societal norms
CHS 382
Health Sciences
Iffat Elbarazi (Lecturer)
KSU)
L3,
SEM, 2--1429
KNOWLEDGE







Health education skills
Theories of learning/ of HE
Diseases
Patients and community needs
Behavioural and psycho-social studies
Health systems
Program planning/ development
Learning Theory Rationale



Use of Theories to understand health in
communities, better understanding of health
issues and a tool for planning.
Therefore building programs and
implementing them become easier
Theory is the driving force for the health
promotion and disease prevention process
knowledge

Theories of changing health behaviours;
–
–
Ecological theories: Interpersonal, community
and Individual theories
Framework: Social marketing, Preceed-Proceed
model
1- Individual level theories:
–
–
–
Health belief model
Stage of change
Theory of reasoned action
2-Interpersonal Theories
–
–
Special cognitive theory
Expectations
3- Community level Theories
– Community organizations
– Innovation
– Organizational change
Framework models



To plan health promotion and disease prevention
activities, they share similar stages that must be
followed:
Social marketing framework: uses marketing
concepts such as: Price, Product, promotion, and
place to influence behavior
The PRECEDE-PROCEED framework: planning
process that empower individuals and communities
to improve their quality of life
Ecological Theory







Link multiple levels of influences to people’s health-A
change in one can cause a change in another.
Intrapersonal
Groups and organizations
Community we live in
The media we are exposed
The policies that shape our world
In health promotion gathering data on all levels
thought to be influencing a health concept.
Ecological theories



Individual level theories: from psychology, look
at cognitive characteristics of individuals
Interpersonal-level theories: individuals
relationships with others, how people interact
and learn from others such as social theory or
social cognitive theory
Community level theories how community
institutions such as schools, government
influence health behaviour, it aims at changing
environment to influence health
Individual theories: Health Belief model
health related behavior depend on 4 attitudes and
beliefs:
1- Potential seriousness of illness
2- Feeling at risk of illness
3- Benefit they feel for taking preventive action
4-Barriers to taking action
You can identify individual’s perception for these areas
and use information to develop program to change
these perceptions for positive health behavior

Individual Theories: Stages of Changes





Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse
Individual theories: Theory of
Reasoned Action



Person’s intention to perform a behavior
depending on 2 factors:
Attitude
Influence of social environment or norm
Individual Theories: Theory of Planned
behavior

Adds to the reasoned action the concept of
perceived behavioral control: individual’s
perception to perform of his/her ability to
perform a behavior
Interpersonal Theories: Social
Learning , Social cognitive:



Behavioral change is affected by
environmental influences, personal factors &
attribute of behavior itself
Central concept: self efficacy and incentive to
perform action
Outcomes and expectations
Community Level Theory




Community organization: Locality Development,
social planning, social action each suggest a
different approach to influencing community
environments
Key Concept is empowerment of oneself and over
one’s community
Innovation theory: New products and social practices
Organizational change: Srategies that increase
chances for healthy policies and programs such as
stage theory and organizational development
Approaches of Health Education And
Promotion





Medical and preventive
Behavioral changes
Educational
Empowerment
Social change
Psychological theories of Learning

States that learning Involve three domains:
Cognitive
:
Affective (attitudes & feelings)

Psychomotor: skills

