Transcript Government PP

Government
-Purpose
-Theories
-Categories of Government
-Types of Government
Learning Targets:
• I can describe the purpose of government
• I can compare and contrast the different theories of
government
• I can compare and contrast the different types of
government
What is a nation?
• Population
• Land with boundaries
• Sovereignty:
– A nation has supreme
and absolute power
within its own territory
• Government
– The institution through
which a society makes
and enforces public
policies
4 Purposes of Government
1. Keep societies
ordered
1. Peace at home
2. Provide public
service
1. Transportation/
education
2. Protection
1. Police
2. Military
4 Purposes of Government
3. Promote standards
of behavior
•
Rules of conduct
(Laws)
4. Make economic
decisions
•
Type of system/
money/ trade/
natural resources
Theories of Government
• Evolutionary Theory
– The state developed out
of the early primitive
family in which one
person was the head
– Original family unit
becomes a network of
families (clan)
– Eventually clans come
together to make a tribe
– The tribes then settle to
make a state
Theories of Government
• Divine Right Theory
– The state was created by God who gave those of
royal birth the “divine right” to rule.
Theories of Government
• Force & Conquest
Theory
– One group claims
control over an area
and forced all people
within its borders to
submit to their rule.
Theories of Government
• Social Contract Theory
– People lived in a “state of
nature”
• No government or order
– People gave up freedom
in exchange for protection
and security
– As long as the state
protects the peoples
“natural rights” (life,
liberty, & property), the
people will give up
freedoms and abide by
the laws
Categories of Government
How Power is Divided
• Unitary (Centralized)
– All powers belong to a
central authority
– Local power is created for
convenience and stems
from central authority
• (United Kingdom/ U.S.
State governments)
• Federal
– Power is divided between
national and state
governments
• U.S.
Types of Government:
Autocracy
• Autocracy
– Power and authority to rule are in the hands
of a single ruler
•Totalitarian Dictatorship
•Leader exercises absolute control aspects of
social and economic life
•People lack the power to limit their rule.
•Examples: Germany under Hitler/ Soviet
Union under Stalin
Types of Government:
Autocracy
• Monarchy
– King, Queen, Emperor, or Tsar
exercises supreme power of
government
– Complete and unlimited power (divine
right)
– Power usually inherited
– Example: Saudi Arabia/ Kuwait/ Old
England
Types of Government:
Oligarchy
• Small group holds power
• Power comes from wealth, military power, social
power or a combination of these
• Communist Totalitarianism
– Total control over all aspects of life
• Reinforced by propaganda
– Sometimes having seeming democratic
institutions such as assemblies and elections
– All opposition is suppressed
– Example: China/ Cuba
Types of Government:
Democracy
• Direct Democracy
– All citizens have a vote on all topics
– (does not exist in today’s world)
• Indirect Democracy (Democratic Republic)
– People elect representatives giving them
power to govern
• Responsible to carry out the peoples will
– Regularly scheduled elections make
representatives responsible to the people
Environment That Promotes
Democracy
• Freedom of Economic Decisions
– Freedom to own property and private control
of money leads to free political decisions
• Large Middle Class
– Economic comfort leads to more confident to
make political decisions
– Those in poverty are less likely to vote or
make political decisions
• Educated Public