Transcript Population Health Curriculum for Health Professionals

Health
Health Determinants
and Health Promotion
Diane B. Wilson EdD, RD
Mary S. McLellan MS,RD
Medical University of South Carolina
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CAROLINA
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Developed as part of an
Enhanced AHEC Community
Partnership for Health
Professions Workforce and
Educational Reform project
funded by the Health
Resource and Service
Administration (HRSA)
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CAROLINA
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OBJECTIVES
Health promotion, disease prevention,
wellness
 Disease prevention as part of health
care
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What is Health?
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Health is a state of complete Physical, Mental, and Social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
WHO, 1947
The Metaphysical
Context of the Universe
Physical
Mental
Social
The Secular Dimensions of
Health
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Two Major Aspects of
Health
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Feeling Well
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Ability to Function
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Determinants of Health
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the complex inter-relationships of
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genetics
social environment
physical environment
behavior
health/illness services
that determine the level of health and
sense of well-being in an individual
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Genetics
Body Size
 Special Abilities
 Disease Resistance
 Disease Susceptibility
 Genetic Diseases
 General Robustness
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Physical Environment
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Macro-environment
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Food and Water
Air Pollution
Micro-environment
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Home
Workplace
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Social Environment
Religion
 Race/Gender
 Socioeconomic Status
 Education
 Occupation
 Family Composition
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Socioeconomic Status,
Income and Health
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Socioeconomic Status
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As GDP increases, the health of a nation
increases
In times of economic hardship, the
incidence of disease increases
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Health Care
Quality
 Availability
 “Health has improved NOT because of
steps taken while we are ill, but
because we are ill less often.”
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Thomas McKeown, 1978
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Health Promotion
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An intervention that seeks to eliminate or
reduce exposures to harmful factors by
modifying human behaviors; or any
combination of health education and related
organizational, political and economic
interventions designed to facilitate behavioral
and environmental adaptations that will
improve or protect health
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Concerned specifically with sociobehavorial
processes.
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Targets of Health Promotion
Individuals at risk of a health problem
 Those who influence individuals at risk
 Those who set policy
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Foster the adoption of healthful changes in
the environment
Improve health services
Encourage healthful personal behavior
change
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Health Promotion Objectives
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Individual
Community
Knowledge
Attitudes
Behaviors
Physiology
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Organization
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Policies
Practices
Programs
Facilities
Resources
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Policies
Practices
Programs
Facilities
Resources
Government
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Policies/Programs
Facilities/Resources
Legislation/Ordinances
Regulation/Enforcement
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Examples of HEALTHY
PEOPLE 2000 Priority Areas
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Health Promotion
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Physical Activity and Nutrition
Tobacco
Alcohol Consumption
Preventive Services
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Heart Disease and Stroke
Cancer
Health Screenings
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Healthy People 2010
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2 Broad Goals
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Increase quality and years of healthy life
Eliminate health disparities
4 Primary Objectives
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Promote healthy behaviors
Promote healthy and safe communities
Improve systems for personal and public health
Prevent and reduce diseases and disorders
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Disease Prevention
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any intervention that seeks to reduce or
eliminate diagnosable conditions; it may
be applied at the individual level, as in
immunization, or the community level,
as in chlorination of the water supply
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Primary Prevention
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Measures taken to prevent the disease
from occurring such as:
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healthy lifestyle habits
Immunizations
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Secondary Prevention
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Measures undertaken to facilitate early
detection
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Screenings
Diagnostic tests
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Tertiary Prevention
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Measures to minimize complications or
exacerbation of injury or disease.
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Rehabilitation Therapy
Patient counseling
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Discussion Time
Identify all three levels of prevention as
they apply to a health problem or threat
to health such as injury or vaccine
preventable disease
 Be sure to include consideration of all of
the determinants of health!
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Summary
There are various definitions of “health”
 A number of factors determine our
health, including genetics, physical
factors, social factors, healthcare and
lifestyle factors.
 Health promotion and disease
prevention are related to identifying
strategies to prevent disease and injury.
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