Transcript Social Psychology 1

Social Psychology
Interpersonal Attraction
Social Perception
Attitude
Persuasion
Prejudice
Studying the way people relate to others.
Attitudes
• A set of beliefs and
feelings.
– Learned through
• Conditioning
• Observational learning
• Cognitive evaluation
• Attitudes can guide
behavior
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Advertising is ALL based on
attitude formation.
– Mere Exposure Effect
Ads that persuade
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3gcqzzlTso
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xk_hkdGf1tc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JnYcuRW_qo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bv09DRd4lsM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R55e-uHQna0
Attitude and Behavior
Cognitive Dissonance
Theory
• People want to have
consistent attitudes
and behaviors….when
they are not consistent
they experience
dissonance (unpleasant
tension).
• Usually they will change
their attitude.
Persuasion
• A direct attempt to influence other peoples
attitudes or views
Methods of Persuasion
• Central Route
– Uses evidence and logical arguments
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m39JbL5WX_E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ab2E2lZzbH8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZhh6BHcD9w
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wnz_YJcCilo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1BOHO7GpO0Q
• Peripheral route
– Associates things that make you feel good
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MddslYvYuVM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smufr3-_Yb8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-K29F3WU5Q
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaK41ak1dao
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owGykVbfgUE
Repetition encourages favorable
attitudes
• Cools celebs
– http://www.posh24.com/cool_celebrities
– What's trending today
• http://www.buzzfeed.com/trending
• http://whatstrending.com/categories/trending-now
Types of arguments
• Two-sided
– Presents both
sides
• One-sided
– Only presents one side
What makes a person more
persuasive?
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Experts
Trustworthy
Physically attractive
Similar to audience
Compliance Strategies
• Foot-in-the-door
phenomenon
• Door-in-the-face
phenomenon
• Norms of reciprocity
• Sales resistance
Prejudice
• A generalized attitude toward a group of
people
• Undeserved (usually negative) attitude
towards a group of people.
– Ethnocentrism is an example of a prejudice.
Stereotypes
• An unchanging, oversimplified, and usually
distorted belief about a group of people
Discrimination
• The unfair treatment of individuals because
they are members of a certain group
• An action based on a prejudice.
Causes of Prejudice
• Exaggerated Differences
• Economic Status
• LEARNED
• Victimization
• Scapegoating
How does prejudice occur?
Just world Phenomenon
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In one popular study female and male subjects
were told two versions of a story about an
interaction between a woman and a man. Both
variations were exactly the same, except at the very
end the man raped the woman in one and in the
other he proposed marriage.
In both conditions, both female and male subjects
viewed the woman's (identical) actions as inevitably
leading to the (very different) results.
In-Group versus Out-Groups.
• In-Group Bias
Scapegoat Theory
Social Perception
• The way in which people perceive one another
Does perception change with
race?
Is it just race?
NO…
• Religion
• Gender
• Geographic location
• Sexual Orientation
• Socioeconomic
• Age
Combating Prejudice
Contact Theory
• Contact between hostile groups will reduce
animosity if they are made to work towards a
Prejudices can often lead to a….
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
• A prediction that
causes itself to be
true.
• Rosenthal and
Jacobson’s “Pygmalion
in the Classroom”
experiment.
Social Perception effects
Primacy Effect
• First impression
Recency Effect
• Change in opinion due to
recent interaction
Attribution Theory
• Tries to explain how
people determine the
cause of the behavior
they observe.
It is either a….
• Situational Attribution
– Based on the situation
• Dispositional Attribution
– Based on the persons
personality
Fundamental Attribution Error
How do you view your
teacher’s behavior?
You probably
attribute it to their
personality rather
than their profession.
But do you really
know?
• We tend to
overestimate the role
of dispositional
factors.
False Consensus Effect
Self-Serving Bias
If you win it is
because you are
awesome…if you
lose, it must have
been the coach or
weather or….
Nonverbal Communication
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Facial expression
Gesture
Posture
Body language
Eye contact
Interpersonal
Attraction
Physical Attractiveness
The Hotty Factor
• Physically
attractiveness
predicts dating
frequency (they
date more).
• They are perceived
as healthier,
happier, more honest
and successful than
less attractive
counterparts.
What is beauty?
Beauty and Culture
Obesity is so revered among Mauritania's
white Moor Arab population that the
young girls are sometimes force-fed to
obtain a weight the government has
described as "life-threatening".
Are these cultures really that different?
Proximity
• Geographic nearness
Mere exposure
effect:
• Repeated exposure
to something breeds
liking.
• Taiwanese Letters
Reciprocal Liking
• You are more likely
to like someone who
likes you.
• Why?
• Except in
elementary school!!!!
Similarity
• Paula Abdul was
wrong- opposites do
NOT attract.
• Birds of the same
feather do flock
together.
• Similarity breeds
content.
Liking through Association
• Classical
Conditioning can play
a part in attraction.
• I love Theo’s
Wings. If I see the
same waitress every
time I go there, I
may begin to
associate that
waitress with the
good feelings I get
from Theo's.