Transcript Chapter Five: Appreciating Individual Differences: Self

Chapter Five: Appreciating
Individual Differences: SelfConcept, Personality,
Emotions
Team “Japan”
BA352 Section 005
Self Concept
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Defined as the concept the individual has of oneself as a
physical, social, and spiritual or moral being.
Self-concept would be impossible without the
capacity to think…
Cognitions
Represent any knowledge, opinion, or belief about the
environment, about oneself, or about one’s behavior.
The 3 main ideas behind ‘self ’ include self
esteem, self efficacy, and self monitoring…
Self Esteem
Defined as the belief about one’s own self worth based
on an overall self-evaluation.
For Example…
I’m ugly, I’m fat, I’m a loser = low self esteem
I’m the most beautiful person on Earth, both
inside and out = high self esteem
 Self esteem and performance are directly
correlated…
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Self Efficacy
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Defined as a person’s belief about his or her chances of
successfully accomplishing a specific task.
High self efficacy has been linked to success in
widely varied physical and mental tasks alike.
Self efficacy is a very important concept
managers must understand in order to be
successful
Self Monitoring
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Definition
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High Self Monitors
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The extent to which a person observes their own self
expressive behavior and adapts it to the demands of the
situation.
Also known as chameleons
Regulate their expressive self presentation for the sake of
desired public appearances
Low Self Monitors
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Often criticized for being insensitive and living on their ownj
planet
Self Monitoring in OB Context
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It is like any other individual difference, there is no
right or wrong
It is a source of diversity that needs to be adequately
understood by present and future mangers
Recommendations
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There is a positive relationship between high self monitoring
and career success
Low self monitors become more consciously aware of your
self image and how it affects others
High self monitors don’t over do it by turning from a
successful chameleon into an insincere, dishonest or phony
person.
Self Management
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Albert Bandura propounded the comprehensive
model of human learning
Idea behind the model is that “You are the
master of your own behavior
The behavior component in the model,
encourages people to seek self improvement
Managers have found an agenda for self
improvement through Stephen Covey’s “Seven
Habits
Personality Dynamics
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Personality: combo of stable physical & mental
characteristics that give an individual his or her identity
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Big Five Personality Dimensions
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Extraversion – outgoing, talkative, sociable
Agreeableness – trusting, cooperative, good natured
Conscientiousness – dependable, responsible
Emotional Stability – relaxed, secure, unworried,
Openness to experience – imaginative, curious, intellectual
Job Performance
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Scoring strongly with the big five dimensions
correlates with job performance
Conscientiousness has strongest positive
correlation with job performance
Extraversion associated with the success of
managers
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Stronger indicator then agreeableness
Locus of Control
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What is it?
The way a person takes responsibility for their
behavior and its consequences
 Internal locus of control
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People who believe they take control of the events in their
life
External locus of control
It’s beyond their immediate control
 Attributes outcomes to environmental causes
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Attitude
A learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable
or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object.
Attitudes versus Values
* Values represent global beliefs that influence behavior
across all situations
* Attitudes relate only to behavior directed towards a
specific object, person, or situation
Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities
Intelligence: an individuals capacity for constructive
thinking, reasoning, problem solving.
Two Types of Abilities
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General mental ability needed for all cognitive tasks
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Unique to the task at hand
7 Major Mental Abilities
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Verbal Comprehension
Word Fluency
Numerical
Spatial
Memory
Perceptual Speed
Inductive Reasoning
Positive and Negative Emotions
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Emotions are “Complex human interactions to
personal achievements and setbacks that may be
felt and displayed”
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Emotions involve all aspects of a person
Biological
 Psychological
 Social
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Felt Emotions
 Displayed Emotions
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Contagious Moods and Emotions
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Negative Emotions
(Goal incongruent)
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Anger
Fright/anxiety
Guilt/shame
Sadness
Envy/jealousy
Disgust
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Positive Emotions
(Goal congruent)
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Happiness/joy
Pride
Love/affection
Relief
Emotional Labor and Intelligence
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Emotional Labor –
having to fake your
emotions or mood
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Emotional labor and be
detrimental to the
employee performing the
labor
May cause employees to
bottle up feelings
Women are more
emotionally expressive
than men
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Emotional Intelligence
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Personal Competence
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Self-Awareness
Self-Management
Social Competence
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Social Awareness
Relationship Management
Thank you!