Transcript connecting africa`s past with its present

CONNECTING AFRICA’S PAST
WITH ITS PRESENT
VOCABULARY: RACISM, NATIONALISM, AND
APARTHEID
STANDARD:
THE STUDENT WILL ANALYZE CONTINUITY AND
CHANGE IN AFRICA LEADING TO THE 21ST CENTURY
COLONIAL AFRICA
• COLONIAL AFRICA WAS DIVIDED AMONG EUROPEAN NATIONS
WHO WANTED ACCESS TO AFRICA’S RESOURCES
• THE SLAVE TRADE, GOLD, DIAMONDS, AND OIL WERE ONLY
SOME OF THE THINGS THEY DESIRED
EUROPE’S MISTAKE
• IN THE 1920’S AND 30’S, MANY EUROPEAN
NATIONS SENT AFRICAN LEADERS UNDER
THEIR CONTROL TO BE EDUCATED IN
EUROPEAN SCHOOLS.
• MANY OF THESE INDIVIDUALS LEARNED OF
INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS ELSEWHERE IN
THE WORLD AND BEGAN TO PLAN FOR THEIR
HOMELAND’S INDEPENDENCE.
NATIONALISM
RACISM
• MANY EUROPEANS DID NOT BELIEVE THAT
AFRICANS WERE CAPABLE OF GOVERNING
THEMSELVES
• THIS BELIEF WAS FOUNDED IN EUROPEAN’S
– MINDSET OF RACIST ATTITUDES
– THEY HAD EXEMPLIFIED IN OTHER
– PARTS OF THE WORLD DURING
– EMPIRE BUILDING
WORLD WAR I
• MANY AFRICANS
WHO FOUGHT ON
BEHALF OF
EUROPEAN
NATIONS DURING
WORLD WAR I
BELIEVED THEY
COULD. THEY
WANTED
INDEPENDENCE
FOR THEIR
HOMELANDS.
PAN-AFRICANISM
PAN-AFRICANISM
• A MOVEMENT BY NATIVE AFRICANS TO
ESTABLISH INDEPENDENCE FOR THEIR
RESPECTIVE NATIONS
• 1919, THE FIRST AP-AFRICAN CONGRESS
ASSEMBLES
• 1945, PAN-AFRICAN CONGRESS ISSUES A
STATEMENT SAYING THEY SHOULD BE FREE
AND INDEPENDENT NATIONS ESPECIALLY
AFTER THEIR SERVICE IN WORLD WAR II.
WORLD WAR II
INDEPENDENCE
• MOST SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN NATIONS
RECEIVED THEIR INDEPENDENCE BEGINNING
IN 1951 – 1980.
• THE FIRST WAS GHANA.
PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA
• TRIBAL ETHNIC DIVERSITY WAS A MAJOR
PROBLEM FOR NIGERIA ONCE THEY RECEIVED
THEIR INDEPENDENCE.
• TRIBAL GROUPS VIOLENTLY TRIED TO ACHIEVE
THE TOP POWER STATUS.
• NIGERIANS SPEAK 400 DIFFERENT
LANGUAGES.
• CORRUPTION AND BRIBERY WERE COMMON
PLACE.
NIGERIAN INDEPENDENCE
CIVIL WAR IN NIGERIA
• AS A RESULT, THE NIGERIANS FOUGHT A
BITTER CIVIL WAR IN 1966.
• THIS IS AN ALL TOO COM– MON AOCCURENCE IN AFRICA.
– NIGERIA BROKE INTO TWO
– SEPARATE COUNTRIES BRIEFLY,
– AND THEY ARE NOW RULED BY
– MILITARY LEADERS.
SOUTH AFRICA
• SOUTH AFRICA GAINED INDEPENDENCE FROM
GREAT BRITAIN IN 1910.
• THAT INDEPENDENCE WAS ONLY FOR WHITE
• SOUTHAFRICANS HOWEVER.
• SOUTH AFRICA WENT THROUGH A RECENT
PERIOD OF TIME SIMILAR TO OUR CIVIL
RIGHTS MOVEMENT.
• SEGREGATION FOR THEM WAS CALLED
APARTHEID.
SOUTH AFRICA
THIS SOUTH AFRICAN SIGN IS SIMILAR TO THOSE SEEN IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES
FROM 1865 – THE 1960’S
THE LANGUAGES ARE ENGLISH AND
AFRIKANS A LOCAL DUTCH LANGUAGE
SPOKEN COMMONLY IN SOUTH AFRICA
RESISTANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA
• SOUTH AFRICANS RESISTED MUCH LIKE
AFRICAN AMERICANS OF THE SIXTIES.
• HOWEVER, VIOLENCE DID OCCUR.
APARTHEID ENDED IN 1991,
AND BLACKS AND WHITES
COULD VOTE TOGETHER FOR
THE FIRST TIME IN 1994.
NELSON MANDELA
• HE WAS SOUTH AFRICA’S MARTIN LUTHER
KING JR.
• HE SPENT 27 YEARS IN PRISON FOR HIS ANTIAPARTHEID PROTESTS.
• HE EVNTUALLY BECAME SOUTH AFRICA’S
PRESIDENT; SERVING ONE TERM THEM
RETIRING.
NELSON MANDELA
AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
ECONOMIC SANCTIONS
• THE U.S.A. AND
GREAT BRITAIN
HELPED SOUTH
AFRICA’S ANTIAPARTHEID
MOVEMENT BY
IMPOSING
ECONOMIC
SANCTIONS ON
SOUTH AFRICA
UNTIL THEY DID
AWAY WITH
APARTHEID.
WILLEM DE KLERK
• WILLEM DE KLERK WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT
OF SOUTH AFRICA IN 1989.
• HE OPPOSED APARTHEID, AND WORKED TO
SEE IT ENDED.
• IN 1993, SOUTH AFRICA REWROTE ITS
CONSTITUTION GIVING EQUAL RIGHTS TO ALL
SOUTH AFRICANS.
WILLEM DE KLERK
KENYA
• KENYA GAINED INDEPENDENCE IN 1963.
• HOWEVER, ITS FIRST PRIME MINISTER WAS
CORRUPT, AND HIS VICE PRES. THE PRIME
MINISTER NOW IS ALSO.
• THEY HAD ONLY A ONE PARTY SYSTEM UNTIL
1991, AFTER KENYANS PROTESTED VIOLENTLY.
JOMO KENYATTA
FIRST KENYAN PRIME
MINISTER
DANIEL ARAP
MOI; CURRENT
KENYAN PRIME
MINISTER
EDUCATION IN KENYA
• EDUCATION IS VERY IMPORTANT TO KENYANS.
• THOUGH THE GOVERNMENT PAYS FOR
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, KENYANS HAVE TO PAY
FOR SCHOOL BEYOND THAT LEVEL.
• MANY KENYANS DO NOT WAIT FOR THE
GOVERNMENT, THEY BUILD THEIR OWN
SCHOOLS WHERE THEY NEED THEM.
HARAMBEE SCHOOLS
•
THE
PAN-AFRICAN
MOVEMENT
WE KNOW THE PANAFRICAN MOVEMENT
WAS EFFECTIVE
BECAUSE ALL AFRICAN
COUNTRIES ARE
INDEPENDENT TODAY.
(WESTERN SAHARA)
WILL BE SOON.