Transcript Organizational Behavior

Organizational
Behavior
Taught by PHANN SOPHON
Master of Science (AIT)
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION TO
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
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Define organizational behavior

What is organization?
Organization is a group of people working to achieve an
objective (s).

What is behavior?
Behavior is what people do, feel and say.

What is organizational behavior?
OB is the study of what people think, feel and do in and
around organization.
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
How many levels of behaviors?
 Individual behavior
 Group behavior

Individual behavior consists of the things one
people do, feel and say as he/she interact.

Group behavior consists of the things two or more
people do, feel and say as they interact.
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Why study OB?
Understand
Organizational
Events
Influence
Organizational
Events
Organizational
Behavior
Research
Predict
Organization
Events
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
What is human relation?
HR means interactions among people.

What is performance?
is the extent to which expectations or objectives
have been met.
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How to develop Human Relation?
There are generally nine guidelines to develop human relation:
1.
Be optimistic: open heart and think of the right thing. Don’t
treat people bad at the first impression.
2.
Be positive: praise and encourage people, People
generally don’t like to listen to others complain.
3.
Be truly interested in other people: Look at people’s face,
use your eyes contact.
4.
Smile and develop a sense of humor: A smile shows interest
and caring.
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5.
Call people by name: A person’s name is the most
important sound in any language.
6.
Listen to people: We learn more my listening then we do by
talking.
7.
Help others: If you want to help yourself, you can only do so
by helping others.
8.
Think before act: Use good manners. Good manners are
those personal qualities that make life at work more
enjoyable.
9.
Create win-win situation: The best way to get what you want
is to help other to get what they want and vice versa.
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CHAPTER 2
PERSONALITY, INTELLIGENCE AND
PERCEPTION
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PERSONALITY

What is personality?
is a relatively stable set of traits (behavior +attitude) that aids in
explaining and predicting individual behavior.

Types of personality
1- Type A, Type B: the type A personality is characterized as fast
moving, hard driving, time conscious, competitive, impatient, and
preoccupied with work. The Type B personality is the opposite of type
A.
2- Feeling, Thinking: Feeling-type individuals are aware of people
and their feeling. They like harmony need occasional praise, dislike
telling people unpleasant things, tend to be sympathetic. Thinking
type individuals are unemotional and uninterested in people’s
feeling.
3- Doing, Observing: Some people enjoy getting actively involved
and participating, while others prefer to observe.
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5- Introverted, Extroverted: Introverted personality is shy and
withdraw, whereas the extroverted personality is outgoing,
often aggressive, and dominant.
6- Sensation, Intuitive: The sensation-type individual likes
established routines, usually works all the way through to reach
a conclusion, shows patience with routine details, and tend to
be good at precision work. Sensation-type dislikes new
problem unless there are standard ways to resolve them.
Intuitive-type dislikes doing the same things over and over
again, jumps to conclusion, is impatient with routine details,
and dislikes taking time for precision. Intuitive types enjoy
resolving new problems.
7- Internalizer, Externalizer: Internalizer-type, the greater is your
belief that you are in control of your destiny. Externalizer-type,
the greater is your belief that you are controlled by external
sources such as fate, chance, other people, or environmental
situations.
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Personality and stress



What is stress?
Stress is an emotional and/or physical reaction to
environmental activities and events.
What are stressors?
are situation in which people feel anxiety, tension
and pressure.
Causes of stress
there are four common stressors related to work:
personality
type,
organizational
climate,
management of behavior, and the degree of job
satisfaction.
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

Sign of stress
 Increase in the rate of breathing and amounts of
perspiration.
 Look at the clock and/or calendar and feel
pressured and fear that you will not meet a
deadline, you will be experiencing stress.
 Stress lead to disillusionment, irritableness,
headaches and other body tension, the feeling
of exhaustion, and stomach problem.
Controlling stress
 Identify stress, what stress?
 Determine their causes and consequences
 Plan to eliminate and decrease the stress
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INTELLIGENCE


What is intelligence?
is the level of one’s capacity for new learning,
problem solving, and decision making.
How to develop intelligence?



Most people’s intelligence is developed by the time they
enter the work force.
Some psychologists have argued that intelligence is
genetically determined and exists at birth.
Other psychologist have argued that intelligence is
determined by external environment, people brought up in
a rich environment – a home where learning is
encouraged and readily available, good schools ..and so
on.
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PERCEPTION

What is perception?
Refers to a person’s interpretation of reality.
Perception is influenced by heredity, environment,
and more specifically by your personality,
intelligence, needs, self-concept, attitude and
values.

How perception affect behavior, human relations,
and performance?
Needs and perceptions are the starting point of your
behavior. Through the perception process we select,
organize and interpret information as the basis of our
behavior. Our perception can lead to different
behavior.
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For example:

If an employee perceives the manager is giving a
legitimate order, he or she will carry it out. However,
if the order is not perceived as legitimate, the
employee may refuse to carry out the order.

Students who perceive grades as a valued reward
for studying hard tend to be motivated to study
harder than students who do not.
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CHAPTER 3
DIVERSITY IN ATTITUDES,
SELF-CONCEPT, AND VALUES
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Diversity in attitudes, selfconcept, and values


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
Define attitudes
Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Self-concept
Values
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
What is an attitude?
An attitude is a strong belief or feeling toward people,
things and situations.
People interpret our attitudes by our behavior, For
example: if you make a face behind your boss’s or
instructor's back, peers will assume you have negative
attitude toward him or her.

Are attitudes important?
Attitudes are definitely important. Employers generally
place more emphasis on attitude than on academic
grades. J.W. Marriott, Jr., president of Marriott
Corporation, stated, “ we have found that our success
depends more upn employee attitude than any other
single factor.”
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
How we acquire attitudes
Attitudes
are
primarily
developed
through
experiences. As people develop from chilhood to
adulhood, they interact with parents, family,
teachers, and friends. From all these people, they
learn what is right and wrong and how to behave.

Management attitudes
Theory X attitudes hold that employees dislike work
and must closely supervised to get them to do their
work. Theory Y attitudes hold that employees like to
work and do not need to be closely supervised to
get them to do their work.
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
Changing your attitudes
1- Be aware of your attitudes. People who are optimistic have
higher levels of job satisfaction. Consciously try to have and
maintain a positive attitude.
If you catch yourself complaining or being negative in many
way, stop and change to a positive attitude. With time you
can become more positive
2- Think for yourself. Develop your own attitudes based on
other’s input; don’t simply copy others’ attitudes.
3- Realize that there are few, if any, benefits to harboring
negative attitudes. Negative attitudes, like holding a grudge,
can only heart your human relations, and hurt yourself in the
end, and it’s stressful.
4- Keep an open mind. Listen to other people’s input. Use it to
develop your positive attitudes.
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
Shaping and changing employee attitudes
It is difficult to change your own attitudes; it is even
more difficult to change other people’s attitudes. But
it can be done:
1- Give employee feedback. Employees must be
made aware of their negative attitudes if they are to
change. The manager must talk to the employee
about the negative attitudes.
2- Accentuate positive condition. Employees tend to
have positive attitudes toward the things they do well.
Make working conditions as pleasant as possible;
make sure employees have all the necessary
resources and training to do a good job.
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3- Provide consequences. Employees tend to
repeat activities or events followed by negative
consequence. Encourage and reward employees
with positive attitudes. Try to keep attitudes from
developing and spreading.
4- Be a positive role model. If the manager has a
positive attitude, employees may too.
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Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

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What is job satisfaction?
Job satisfaction is a set of attitudes toward work. Job
satisfaction is what most employees want from their
jobs, even more than they want job security or higher
pay.
Determinants of job satisfaction
1- Satisfaction with the work itself. Whether a person
enjoys performing the work itself has a major effect on
overall job satisfaction.
2- Pay. A person’s satisfaction with the pay received
affects overall job satisfaction. Employees who are
dissatisfied with their pay may not perform to their
potential.
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3- Growth and upward mobility. Whether a person is
satisfied with the personal or company growth and
potential for upward mobility may affect job
satisfaction.
4- Supervision. Whether a person is satisfied with the
supervision received affect overall job satisfaction.
5- Co-workers. Whether a person is satisfied with the
human relation with coworkers affects overall job
satisfaction.
6- Attitude toward work. The first five determinants are all
external to the individual. Our attitude toward work in
general, however, is internal.
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Self-concept

What is self-concept?
self-concept is your overall attitude about yourself.
Self-concept is also called self-esteem and selfimage. Self-concept can thought of on a
continuum from positive to negative or high to low.

Building a positive self-concept
1- View mistakes as learning experience.
2- Accept failure and bounce back.
3- Control negative behavior and thoughts.
4- Use any religious or spiritual beliefs you have that
can help you develop a more positive self-concept.
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
Three-part action plan for building a positive selfconcept
 Step 1. Identify your strengths and areas that need
improvement. What are the things about yourself that
you like? What can you do well? What do you have
to offer other people and organization?

Step 2. Set goals and visualize them. Before you can
get anywhere or get anything out of life, you must first
determine where you want to go or what you want.

Step 3. Develop a plan and implement it. Ex. If you
want to lose weight to get down to 45 Kg, you will
have to do more than just imagine yourself being 45
Kg. What will be your plan to lose the weight?
Exercise? Diet?
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Values

What is value?
a person’s value are the thing that have worth for or are
important to the individual.

How value help you?
values help shape your attitudes. When something is of value
to you, you tend to have positive attitude towards it.
Values do not necessarily affect behavior, but values do have
an influence on attitudes.
Value is not only with the home, but also within the workplace
that a general decline of value may perceived.
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Thank you!
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