Transcript Chapter 2 Cross-Cultural Business

Chapter 2
Cross-Cultural
Business
Chapter Preview
• Define culture and list its components
• Discuss attitudes toward time, work, and cultural
change
• Describe the roles of religion and communication
in a society
• Discuss how physical environment affects culture
• Describe two frameworks for classifying cultures
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 2
What Is Culture?
Set of values, beliefs, rules, and institutions held by
a specific group of people
Ethnocentricity
Cultural literacy
Belief that one’s own
ethnic group or culture
is superior to that of
others
Detailed knowledge of a
culture that enables a
person to function
effectively within it
X
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
√
Chapter 2 - 3
Culture Matters:
Creating a Global Mindset
Cultural
Adaptability
Bridging
the Gap
Building
Global Mentality
Approach
with Caution
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 4
Nations and Culture
National culture
Nation-states build museums and monuments to
preserve the legacies of important events and people
Subculture
Group of people that share a unique
way of life within a larger culture
(language, race, lifestyle, attitudes, etc.)
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 5
Components of Culture
Physical
environments
Education
Aesthetics
Culture
Personal
communication
Values &
attitudes
Manners &
customs
Social structure
Religion
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 6
Aesthetics
Music
Painting
Dance
Drama
Architecture
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 7
Values and Attitudes
Values
Attitudes
The Ideas, beliefs, and
customs to which people
are emotionally attached
Positive or negative
evaluations, feelings, and
tendencies people hold
toward objects or concepts
• Freedom
• Responsibility
• Honesty
© Prentice Hall, 2008
• Time
• Work
• Cultural change
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 8
Manners and Customs
Manners
Customs
Appropriate behavior,
speech, and dressing
in general
Traditional ways or
behavior in specific
circumstances
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 9
Social Structure
Social structure
Culture’s groups, institutions, social
positions, and resource distribution
Social stratification
Process of ranking people into social layers
Social mobility
Ease of moving up or down a culture's
"social ladder"
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 10
World Religions
Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
Buddhism
Origin of
Human Values
Confucianism
Judaism
Shinto
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 11
Language Blunders
 Japanese knife manufacturer labeled its exports to the United States
with “Caution: Blade extremely sharp! Keep out of children.”
 English sign in a Moscow hotel read, “You are welcome to visit the
cemetery where famous Russians are buried daily, except Thursday.”
 Sign for non-Japanese-speaking guests in a Tokyo hotel read, “You
are respectfully requested to take advantage of the chambermaids.”
 Sign in English at Copenhagen ticket office read, “We take your bags
and send them in all directions.”
 Braniff Airlines’ English-language slogan “Fly in Leather” was
translated into “Fly Naked” in Spanish.
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 12
Mixed Signals
"Okay"
"Vulgar gesture"
© Prentice Hall, 2008
"It's a secret"
"Crazy"
"Very nosey"
"Very clever"
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 13
Education
Cultures pass on traditions, customs, and values through
schooling, parenting, group memberships, etc.
Education level
Well-educated attract high-paying jobs, while poorly educated
attract low-paying manufacturing jobs
Brain drain
Departure of highly educated people from one profession,
geographic region, or nation to another
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 14
Problem of Illiteracy
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 15
Physical and Material Culture
These influence a culture’s development and pace of change
Topography
Physical features characterizing the surface of a geographic region
Climate
Weather conditions of a geographic region
Material Culture
Technology used to manufacture goods and provide services
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 16
Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck Framework
Relation to nature
Material or spiritual
Time orientation
Responsibility to others
Trust and control
View of personal space
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 17
Hofstede Framework
Individualism
vs. collectivism
Power
distance
Uncertainty
avoidance
Achievement
vs. nurturing
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 18
Power Distance &
Individualism vs. Collectivism
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 19
Power Distance & Uncertainty
Avoidance
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 20
Chapter Review
• Define culture and list its components
• Discuss attitudes toward time, work, and cultural
change
• Describe the roles of religion and communication
in a society
• Discuss how physical environment affects culture
• Describe two frameworks for classifying cultures
© Prentice Hall, 2008
International Business 4e
Chapter 2 - 21