Transcript Agenda DELTA Conference Call Wednesday, February 13, 2008

By: Wendi L. Siebold, M.A., M.P.H.
Strategic Prevention Solutions
www.strategicpreventionsolutions.com
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Why theory?
Types of
theories
Example: MOST
Clubs
Common
behavior
change theories
Resources
 Improve
your capacity to implement
comprehensive prevention
 Comprehensive
prevention efforts
should:
Be evidence-based
 Be theory-based
 Address multiple levels of the social ecology
 Include public health behavior change
principles in program content

DELTA: Guidance on developing a Comprehensive Primary Prevention Strategy (written by Pam Cox, CDC,
We
are trying to prevent the
behavior of IPV by individuals.
Theories provide guidance on how
to affect the behavior of individuals
by changing attitudes, knowledge,
norms, practices, and policies at all
levels of the social ecology
DELTA: Guidance on developing a Comprehensive Primary Prevention Strategy (written by Pam Cox, CDC,
Theories
of change should guide the
development of programs and
activities by helping practitioners
explain how their planned activities
will change attitudes, knowledge,
norms, practices, policies - and
ultimately behavior
DELTA: Guidance on developing a Comprehensive Primary Prevention Strategy (written by Pam Cox, CDC,
It
is not enough to say, “This program
is based on feminist theory”
Say
it is “informed” by feminist
theory and combine it with another
theory that states the mechanisms
by which behavior is changed
You
can use ‘formal’ or ‘informal’
theories
DELTA: Guidance on developing a Comprehensive Primary Prevention Strategy (written by Pam Cox, CDC,
Which prevention activities
are you implementing that
are already connected to
theories?
Use chat to answer

Etiological theories
 Why
SV/IPV occurs in a given context
 Example:
a feminist analysis of male
privilege and rigid gender control
Perry, Brad (2009). Working From A Deliberate Basis: Theory & Primary SV/IPV Prevention. Moving Upstream, Vol. 5: 1, VSDVAA

Change theories
 Explains
how strategies will change the
behavior of individuals, and the structures
of institutions and communities
 Example:
social learning model
Perry, Brad (2009). Working From A Deliberate Basis: Theory & Primary SV/IPV Prevention. Moving Upstream, Vol. 5: 1, VSDVAA

Process theories
 Explain
the interconnected steps through
which a group, community, or institution
would move in order to realize a goal, or
set of goals
 They
are the ‘Roadmap’ of program
implementation
 Usually
represented in a logic model
Perry, Brad (2009). Working From A Deliberate Basis: Theory & Primary SV/IPV Prevention. Moving Upstream, Vol. 5: 1, VSDVAA
“Most SV/IPV programs do not incorporate
deliberate, established rationales in the
development of primary IPV prevention
projects - the benefits of which can
augment and exist alongside of those
insights gleaned from intuition and practical
experience”
Use
Theory !!
Perry, Brad (2009). Working From A Deliberate Basis: Theory & Primary SV/IPV Prevention. Moving Upstream, Vol. 5: 1, VSDVAA
Remember…
The roots of the feminist and
social justice movement
provide the context for
change
Change theories are based on
studies of human behavior
change
Etiological theory
 Link
between sexual violence perpetration and
peer support for sexually adversarial attitudes
and behaviors among groups of young men
(Gwartney-Gibbs. et al., 1987)
 Could
address these problematic attitudes and
behaviors by tapping into these peer bonds
through honest and open male-to-male
dialogues
 These
peer bonds could be used to strengthen
positive attributes of young men
Perry, Brad (2009). Working From A Deliberate Basis: Theory & Primary SV/IPV Prevention. Moving Upstream, Vol. 5: 1, VSDVAA
Change theory
 Social
learning model
 Facilitates
peer-to-peer learning where
participants share stories, challenges, and
successes, and receive reinforcement from
each other on adopting behavior that is both
affirming to themselves as men, and not
harmful to the women or men in their lives
Perry, Brad (2009). Working From A Deliberate Basis: Theory & Primary SV/IPV Prevention. Moving Upstream, Vol. 5: 1, VSDVAA
Process theory
Logic
model
Perry, Brad (2009). Working From A Deliberate Basis: Theory & Primary SV/IPV Prevention. Moving Upstream, Vol. 5: 1, VSDVAA
What are other examples
from your own prevention
activities?
This
Leads
To
That
 Behavior
is affected by environmental
influences, personal factors, and attributes of
the behavior itself
 Self-efficacy
is key - A person must believe in his
or her capability to perform the behavior
A
person must also value the outcomes or
consequences that he or she believes will occur
as a result of their behavior (immediate or longterm benefits)
 Self-efficacy
can be increased by providing clear
instructions, providing the opportunity for skill
development or training, and modeling the
desired behavior
US Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health, Chapter 6 - Understanding and Promoting Physical Activity
 Behavior
is determined by a person's
intention to perform that behavior
 Intention
is determined by two major factors:
the person's attitude toward the behavior
and the influence of the person's social
environment or subjective norm
 The
theory of planned behavior adds the
concept of perceived control over the
opportunities, resources, and skills
necessary to perform a behavior
US Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health, Chapter 6 - Understanding and Promoting Physical Activity
 Behavior
depends on the person's perception
of four areas:
 the severity of a potential illness
 the person's susceptibility to that illness
 the benefits of taking a preventive action
 the barriers to taking that action
 Also
incorporates cues to action (e.g., leaving
a written reminder to oneself to walk)
 Self-efficacy
has been added
US Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health, Chapter 6 - Understanding and Promoting Physical Activity
Also called “stages of change”
 Behavior
is a five-stage process or continuum
related to a person's readiness to change:
precontemplation, contemplation, preparation,
action, and maintenance
 Stages
are spiraling or cyclical, not linear
 Change
depends on doing the right thing
(processes) at the right time (stages)
 Tailoring
activities to match a person's readiness
or stage of change is essential
US Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health, Chapter 6 - Understanding and Promoting Physical Activity
Most behavior change theories highlight the
role of:
 The outcomes of behavior
 Perceptions of control over behavior
 Social influences
 Most theories do not address the influence
of the environment
(this is why we focus on the ecological
model to frame our prevention efforts in a
more comprehensive way)
US Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health, Chapter 6 - Understanding and Promoting Physical Activity
Any other theories that you
are considering?
What are your next steps?
 Overview
of theories
http://www.csupomona.edu/~jvgrizzell/best_practice
s/bctheory.html
 Theory
of Planned Behavior
http://people.umass.edu/aizen/tpb.html
 CDC
document outlining main components of
comprehensive prevention
 Public
health textbooks
 Prevention
Principles handout – “Theory”