Transcript Social influence

Social influence
Spaced Learning
What is conformity?
‘A change in behaviour or belief as a result of
real or imagined group pressure’
Definition for 2 AO1:
Mention whether private beliefs are changed
or not and whether the change is long lasting.
Give an example.
Shallowest
Compliance
• Refers to instances where a person may agree in
public with a group of people but the person actually
privately disagrees with the group’s viewpoint or
behaviour. This type of conformity therefore does
not lead to a change in a person’s private beliefs and
is temporary.
Identification
• Refers to instances when the individual takes
on the views of a group they join or they
admire. It does not necessarily result in a
change of a person’s private beliefs.
Internalisation
• refers to instances where a person behaves or agrees
with a group of people because they have actually
accepted the group’s point of view or beliefs. This type of
conformity does result in a change in the persons’
private beliefs and attitudes as a result it may have
longer lasting effects than public compliance
(conversion).
Deepest
Studies into compliance
Sherif (1935)
Asch (1951)
Asch’s Results
Variations
At one point the experiment was modified to
determine if the size of the group affected
the participants’ reactions. (the confederate
group varied in size from one to fifteen)
Studies into minority influence
Internalisation
Moscovici (1969)
Clark (1998/1999)
Conditions for Conversion
Consistency
The minority must be consistent in their opinion
Flexibility
The minority must not appear to be rigid & dogmatic
Relevance
The minority will be more successful if their views are
in line with social trends
Commitment
A committed minority will lead people to rethink their
position.
Study into identification
Zimbardo (1973)
Why do we conform?
Normative influence
This refers to instances where someone
conforms in order to fit in and gain approval
or avoid disapproval from other group
members. Leads to conformity.
Informational social influence
This refers to instances where people
conform because they are uncertain about
what to do in a particular situation, so they
look to others for guidance. This
explanation tends to lead to internalisation.
Size of the majority
Gender:
How did the results
change when Asch
changed the number of
confederates?
Larsen et al. (1979)
Males conform more in higher
status groups, Women
conform more in peer groups
Factors influencing
conformity
Culture: Smith
and Bond (1996)
The importance of time
When Asch carried out his
research, the USA was
very conservative, schools
were more hierarchical
than they are now
Individual characteristics:
confidence
Perrin & Spencer (1981)
Brain Break
Social influence
Spaced Learning
What is …………………?
‘A change in ………………… or …………………. as a
result of real or imagined group pressure’
Definition for 2 AO1:
Mention whether …………………. beliefs are
changed or not and whether the change is
………………….
Give an ………………………...
Shallowest
……………….
• Refers to instances where a person may ………….. in
public with a group of people but the person actually
………… ………………………..with the group’s viewpoint
or behaviour. This type of conformity therefore
……………….lead to a change in a person’s private
beliefs and is ……………..
Identification
• Refers to instances when the individual
…………………the views of a group they join or
they …….. It ………. …….. necessarily result in
a change of a person’s ……… beliefs.
……………………
• refers to instances where a person behaves or agrees
with a group of people because they have actually
accepted the group’s point of view or beliefs. This type of
conformity does result in a change in the persons’
private beliefs and attitudes as a result it may have
longer lasting effects than public compliance
(conversion).
Deepest
Studies into compliance
……… (1935)
……… (1951)
Asch’s Results
Variations
At one point the experiment was modified to
determine if the …….. of the group affected
the participants’ reactions. (the confederate
group varied in …… from ………. to ……………)
Studies into …………… influence
…………………….
…………..i (1969)
…… (1998/1999)
Conditions for Conversion
……………….
The minority must be consistent in their opinion
Flexibility
The minority must not appear to be ………… & ……………
………………….
The minority will be more successful if their views are
in line with ………………
…………………..
A …………… minority will lead people to rethink their
position.
Study into i……………..
Z……... (1973)
Why do we conform?
……………………. influence
This refers to instances where someone
conforms in order to
……………………………………… or avoid
disapproval from other group members.
Leads to conformity.
……………………..influence
This refers to instances where people
conform because they are …………. about
what to do in a particular situation, so they
look to others for …………..... This
explanation tends to lead to ……………….
……….. of the
majority
How did the results
change when Asch
changed the …………… of
…………?
G…………..:
Larsen et al. (1979)
………. conform more in higher
status groups, ……………..
conform more in peer groups
…………………………..
conformity
…………….:
Smith and Bond
(1996)
The importance of …….
When Asch carried out his
research, the USA was very
……………., schools were more
hierarchical than they are
now
Individual characteristics:
………………….
Perrin & Spencer (1981)
Brain break
Social influence
Spaced Learning
What is conformity?
‘A
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………’
Definition for 2 AO1:
Mention whether private beliefs are changed
or not and whether the change is long lasting.
Give an example.
Studies into compliance
Asch’s Results
Variations
Studies into minority influence
Internalisation
Conditions for Conversion
Study into identification
Why do we conform?
.