Transcript Table of Contents I. Introduction This module “Communities

Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2-
2-1
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2-
2-2
Provide an overview of the
Communities That Care
research foundation.
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2-
2-3
1. Describe the
research foundation of the
Communities That Care system.
2. Explain how the
prevention-science research
base helps build positive futures
for youth and prevent
problem behaviors.
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2-
2-4
• The Social Development Strategy
• The public health approach
• Research-based predictors of problem
behaviors and positive youth outcomes—
risk and protective factors
• Tested, effective
prevention strategies
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2-
2-5
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2-
2-6
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2-
2-7
A research-based model
that organizes known
protective factors into a
guiding framework for
building positive futures
for children
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2-
2-8
The goal…
Healthy behaviors
for all children and youth
Start with…
Healthy beliefs & clear standards
…in families, schools, communities and peer groups
Build…
Bonding
• Attachment • Commitment
…to families, schools, communities and peer groups
By providing…
By providing…
By providing…
Opportunities
Skills
Recognition
…in families, schools, communities and peer groups
And by nurturing…
Individual characteristics
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2-
2-9
• The Social Development Strategy
• The public health approach
Key Leader
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Orientation
2- 2-10
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-11
• Based on research on
predictors of health problems
• Modifies predictors to prevent
behavior problems
• Can affect the entire social environment
• Works through collaboration
• Can create long-lasting results
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-12
• The Social Development Strategy
• The public health approach
• Research-based predictors of
problem behaviors and
positive youth outcomes—
risk and protective factors
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-13
Risk factors
Research has identified
risk factors in four domains:
Risk factors are predictive
of higher levels of
adolescent substance
abuse, delinquency, teen
pregnancy, school drop-out
and violence.
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-14
• Research-based
• Predictive in multiple longitudinal studies
• Present in all areas of influence
• Predictive of multiple problem behaviors
• Present throughout development
• Work similarly across racial lines
• Measurable
• Buffered by protective factors
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-15
Availability of Drugs
Availability of Firearms
Community Laws and Norms
Favorable toward Drug Use,
Firearms and Crime
Media Portrayals of Violence
Transitions and Mobility
Low Neighborhood Attachment
and Community Disorganization
Extreme Economic Deprivation
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-16
Family History of
the Problem Behavior
Family Management Problems
Family Conflict
Favorable Parental
Attitudes and Involvement
in the Problem Behavior
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-17
Academic Failure Beginning
in Late Elementary School
Lack of Commitment to School
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-18
Early and Persistent
Antisocial Behavior
Rebelliousness
Friends who Engage
in the Problem Behavior
Gang Involvement
Favorable Attitudes toward
the Problem Behavior
Early Initiation of
the Problem Behavior
Constitutional Factors
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-19
Protective factors
Research has identified
protective factors in
four domains:
Protective factors
buffer young people’s
exposure to risk.
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-20
• Research-based
• Present in all
areas of influence
• Measurable
• Predictive of positive
youth development
• Present throughout development
• Buffer effects of risk exposure
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-21
• Individual factors
• High intelligence
• Resilient temperament
• Prosocial orientation
• Competencies and skills
• Prosocial opportunities
• Reinforcement for
prosocial involvement
• Bonding
• Healthy beliefs and clear standards
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-22
The goal…
Healthy behaviors
for all children and youth
Start with…
Healthy beliefs & clear standards
…in families, schools, communities and peer groups
Build…
Bonding
• Attachment • Commitment
…to families, schools, communities and peer groups
By providing…
By providing…
By providing…
Opportunities
Skills
Recognition
…to families, schools, communities and peer groups
And by nurturing…
Individual characteristics
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-23
The Search Institute’s
framework:
The Communities That
Care framework:
•
assesses external
and internal assets
•
uses the
Social Development Strategy
•
promotes positive
youth development by
enhancing assets.
•
assesses risk and
protective factors
•
matches risk and protection
profiles with tested,
effective programs
•
promotes positive youth
development by reducing risk
and enhancing protection.
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2-2-23A
100%
90%
80%
70%
Number of
Protective Factors
Prevalence
60%
0 to 1
50%
2 to 3
4 to 5
40%
6 to 7
30%
8 to 9
20%
10%
0%
0 to 1
2 to 3
4 to 5
6 to 7
8 to 9
10+
Number of Risk Factors
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-24
20%
Protection, Level 0
15%
Protection, Level 1
Prevalence
Protection, Level 2
Protection, Level 3
10%
Protection, Level 4
5%
0%
L=0
L=1
L=2
L=3
L=4
Risk Factors
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-25
100%
90%
80%
70%
Prevalence
60%
50%
Number of
Protective Factors
40%
0
2
4
6
8
30%
20%
to
to
to
to
to
1
3
5
7
9
10%
0%
0 to 1
2 to 3
4 to 5
6 to 7
8 to 9
10+
Number of Risk Factors
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-26
• Risk and protective factors exist
in all areas of children’s lives.
• The more risk factors present, the
greater the chances of problem behavior.
• Risk and protective factors can be
present throughout development.
• Risk factors are buffered by protective factors.
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-27
• Common risk and protective factors predict
diverse behavior problems.
• Risk and protective factors work
similarly across racial lines.
• Both risk and protective factors
should be used in prevention efforts.
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-28
• The Social Development Strategy
• The public health approach
• Research-based predictors of problem
behaviors and positive youth outcomes
—risk and protective factors
• Tested, effective
prevention strategies
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-29
Programs, policies or practices
that have demonstrated
effectiveness in:
• Reducing specific risk factors
and enhancing protective factors
• Enhancing positive behaviors
and reducing negative behaviors
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-30
• Project STAR
• Adolescent Alcohol Prevention Trial
• Preparing for the Drug-Free Years
(Now called Families That Care: Guiding Good Choices)
• Adolescents Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids:
The ATLAS Program
• Project Family
• Strengthening Families Program
• Focus on Families
• Reconnecting Youth
• Adolescent Transitions Program
(National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1997)
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-31
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-32
1. Assessing community levels
of risk and protection
2. Prioritizing elevated risks and
depressed protective factors
3. Including individuals and
groups exposed to the
highest levels of risk and the
lowest levels of protection
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-33
4. Matching tested, effective
programs to the community’s
risk and protection profile
5. Selecting tested, effective
programs that address the
racial, economic and
cultural characteristics
of the community
6. Implementing chosen programs,
policies and practices with
fidelity and intensity at the appropriate ages
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-34
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-35
100
Risk Factor Scale Scores
92
89
90
88
87
89
Community D
80
70
65
60
60
51
50
50
52
48
54
51
62
61
54
51
63
62
Poor Family D
Family Histor
59
54
53
50
Rebelliousnes
Friends' Use o
Peer Rewards
Gang Inv olv e
40
Fav . Atts./AT
30
Sensation See
Av erage
20
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Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Board
Orientation
Orientation
2- 2-37
2-36
Risk
factor
addressed
Program
strategy
Protective factors
Healthy
beliefs/
clear
Developmental
standards Bonding Opportunities Skills Recognition period
Family history of the Prenatal/infancy
programs
problem behavior
Prenatal-2
Prenatal/infancy
programs
Prenatal-2
Early childhood
education
3-5
Parent training
Prenatal-14
Family therapy
6-14
Marital therapy
Prenatal
Prenatal/infancy
programs
Prenatal-2
Parent training
Prenatal-14
Family therapy
6-14
Prenatal/infancy
programs
Prenatal-2
Parent training
Prenatal-14
Community/
school policies
All
Family
management
problems
Family conflict
Favorable parental
attitudes and
involvement in the
problem behavior
Key Leaders Orientation
Key Leader Orientation
22-37
• Nurse-Family Partnership
(Olds et al., 1986; Olds & Kitzman, 1993; Olds et al., 1998)
• Syracuse Family Development
Research Program
(Lally, Mangione & Honig, 1988)
• Infant Health and
Development Program
(Ramey, 1990; Ramey et al., 1992; Liaw et al., 1995)
• Keys to CaregivinG videotape series
(Barnard et al., 1988)
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-38
Risk
factor
addressed
Program
strategy
Protective factors
Healthy
beliefs/
clear
Developmental
standards Bonding Opportunities Skills Recognition period
Family history of the Prenatal/infancy
programs
problem behavior
Prenatal-2
Prenatal/infancy
programs
Prenatal-2
Early childhood
education
3-5
Parent training
Prenatal-14
Family therapy
6-14
Marital therapy
Prenatal
Prenatal/infancy
programs
Prenatal-2
Parent training
Prenatal-14
Family therapy
6-14
Prenatal/infancy
programs
Prenatal-2
Parent training
Prenatal-14
Community/
school policies
All
Family
management
problems
Family conflict
Favorable parental
attitudes and
involvement in the
problem behavior
Key Leaders Orientation
Key Leader Orientation
22-39
• Families That Care: Guiding Good Choices
(Catalano et al., 1998)
• Preparing for School Success
(Hawkins et al., 1999)
• Iowa Strengthening Families Program
(Spoth et al., 1998, 1999, 2001)
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-40
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Risk Factor Scale Scores
100
96
93
90
80
70
68
60
51
50
50
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
52
51
66
70
64
68
65
55
54
56
54
56
60
48
53
52
54
53
40
30
20
10
0
2- 2-41
Risk
factor
addressed
Program
strategy
Parent/infancy
Academic failure
programs
beginning in late
elementary school
Early childhood
education
Key Leaders Orientation
Key Leader Orientation
Protective factors
Healthy
beliefs/
clear
Developmental
standards Bonding Opportunities Skills Recognition period
Prenatal-2
3-5
Parent training
Prenatal-10
Organizational
change in schools
6-18
Classroom
organization,
management and
instructional strategies
6-18
Classroom
curricula for social
competence
6-14
School behavior
management
strategies
6-14
Youth employment
with education
15-21
2-
2-42
• Reconnecting Youth
(Eggert et al., 1994)
• Children of Divorce
Intervention Program
(Pedro-Carroll & Cowen, 1985; Pedro-Carroll et al., 1986, 1992)
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-43
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-44
1. Assessing community levels
of risk and protection
2. Prioritizing elevated risks and
depressed protective factors
3. Including individuals and
groups exposed to the
highest levels of risk and
the lowest levels of protection
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-45
4. Matching tested, effective
programs to the community’s
risk and protection profile
5. Selecting tested, effective
programs that address the
racial, economic and
cultural characteristics
of the community
6. Implementing chosen programs,
policies and practices with
fidelity and intensity at the
appropriate ages
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-46
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Risk Factor Scale Scores
100
90
95
88
80
83
80
60
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
79
70
63
66
59
57
59
65
60
51
62
61
57
54
62
59
64
50
54
53
50
40
30
20
10
0
2- 2-47
Key Leader
LeadersOrientation
Orientation
2- 2-48