Substance Use Disorder_ME.
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Transcript Substance Use Disorder_ME.
Drug and Alcohol
Implications for TVR
Counselors
MARC ESPINO, TOHONO O’ODHAM
SYCUAN INTER-TRIBAL VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION PROGRAM SAN DIEGO CA
IN COLLABORATION WITH JESSICA ELM, MSW ONEIDA / STOCKBRIDGE-MUNSEE, UNIVERSITY OF WA
Origins – Historically Traumatic Events
Boarding School Period 1879-1935 +
On and off-reservation boarding schools were developed after at Fort
Marion Prison in Florida (1872-1875) where Native prisoners of war were
held.
1879: “Kill the Indian, Save the Man” Policy
Proposed
forced removal at early age with no return until young adults
1909: 25 off-reservation boarding schools
More
than 100,000 Native children forced to attend these schools
Attendance mandatory or parents would be imprisoned
Relocation Era 1950’s – 1960’s
U.S. government promised jobs and resources in an effort
to encourage Native people to leave their Tribal lands and
relocate to large metropolitan areas (Los Angeles, Bay Area, Seattle…)
After arriving many were not provided what was promised.
Some did not have the financial means to return to their
Tribal homelands -either permanently or even for
ceremony.
Video Clip: We Shall Remain
Origins –Trauma Response
Trauma response
Historically
traumatic events
Grief
Sense
of Loss
Anger
Coping
Ceremony,
Alcohol
cultural practices
and Substance Abuse
Consequences: Life Course Problems
Consequences: Risk Factors
Hopelessness
Impulsivity
Behavioral Problems
Unemployment
Withdrawal
School Problems
Depression
Poor Interpersonal Communication
Limited Social Support
Stigma
Anxiety
Family History
Suicidal Behavior
Domestic Violence
Dual Diagnosis
Geographic Isolation
Child Abuse
Personal Losses
Suicide Clusters
Slide borrowed from Rose Weahkee, PhD at the Indian Health Service
Implications: Protective Factors
Life Skills
Hope
Access
Healthy Peer/Adult Modeling
Sense of Humor
Belonging
Resources Available
Interpersonal Competence
Social Support
Sense of Well-being
Self-Esteem
Strong Group Affiliation
Family Support
Good Health
Language
Cultural Identity
Acceptance
Help-Seeking Behavior
Safety/Security
Slide borrowed from Rose Weahkee, PhD at the Indian Health Service
Protective Factors
A 1999 study of risk and protective factors among AI/AN youth showed
that “adding protective factors was equally or more effective than
decreasing risk factors in terms of reducing suicidal risk.”
Protective factors, similar to risk factors, are cumulative and interrelated.
Enhancing the way in which people feel connected to community and
family and strengthening their ability to cope with life’s challenges will
help them achieve their full potential.
Video Clip: White Bison.Org
The Wellbriety Movement: Journey of Foregiveness
Slide borrowed from Rose Weahkee, PhD at the Indian Health Service
Implications: Living in Both Worlds
History and Values
Collective Communities
Trauma, Stress -> Substance Use as a symptom
Today’s Western Philosophy
Economics
Independence
WORK
Vocational Implications
Eligibility Determination:
Substance Use Disorders and diagnostic criteria; mild,
moderate, severe (Addictive Disorders: Gambling Disorder)
Comprehensive Evaluation: co-occurring disorders, history
and barriers to employment
AIVR as outpatient and aftercare services; length of
sobriety
IPE Development
Disability Management: Counseling, cultural support
groups/meetings, recovery coaches, ceremony
Spiritual, Family, Cultural Interconnectedness
Vocational Complications
Work History: job loss, lack of positive references
“Using behavior” and accountability
Barriers: drug screening, background checks, transportation, esteem issues
Transition to work phase: scheduling, decreased meetings and counseling,
onset of work related stress/anxiety
Lack of coping mechanisms: functional or dysfunctional coping skills
Disconnection to cultural, family, and ceremonial supports
Poor social support network
Relapse potential
Pathway from institutionalization: prison, jails, mental facilities,
Implications: Psychological Consequences
PTSD
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Depression
Guilt/Grief
Attention problems
Impulsive Control Issues
Low Frustration Tolerance
Lack of Time Perception
Social Consequences
Lack of Social Skills
Loss of Activity of Daily Living (ADL) Skills: Self
care activities; independent living skills, skills
performed with others
Immersion in Drug Culture
Need for Positive Peer Supports
Spiritual Consequences
Hopelessness
Despair
Loss of Direction
Need for Values Clarification
Progression Cycle
What would you do?
Transparency in case management approach
Personal perspective and personal beliefs
Transparency in case management approach
Medical Marijuana/Methadone Maintenance
Relapse and recovery maintenance
“Payment of residential treatment”
Substance abuse counseling as employment outcome
Case Studies/Song/Q & A