Transcript Prentice Hall Biology

Interest Grabber
Section 20-1
Food for Thought
• What do you do when you get hungry? You probably go
in search of food. Different organisms have different
ways of obtaining the nutrients they need to live.
1. How does an animal obtain food?
2. How does a plant obtain food?
3. Predict how a microorganism described as “plantlike” might behave.
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Section:
Concept Map
Section 20-1
Protists
are classified by
Animallike
Plantlike
which
which
which
Take in food from
the environment
Produce food by
photosynthesis
Obtain food by
external digestion
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Section:
Funguslike
which include
Decomposers
Parasites
Interest Grabber
Section 20-2
On the Move
• Think about the last time you watched a puppy at play, a fish in
an aquarium, or a squirrel in the park. They don’t stay still for
long. How do they get where they are going?
1. List five different ways in which animals can move from place to place.
2. What structures do these animals have that enable them to move?
3. What structures might a microorganism need in order to move?
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Section:
How Are Protists Classified
• Mainly by the way they move, how they
obtain nutrients (animal-like, plant-like,
fungus-like)
– Movement: pseudopods, cilia, flagella
– Obtaining Nutrients: autotrophic (plant-like)or
heterotrophic (animal-like, fungus- like)
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Section:
Section Outline
Section 20-2
•
20–2 Animallike
Protists: Protozoans
A. Sarcodines
B. Ciliates
C. Sporozoans- Animallike Protists and
Disease
1. Malaria
2. Other Protistan Diseases
D- Zooflagellates
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Section:
Life Processes and Lifestyle of a
Sarcodines
• Cell Type: Eukaryotic, unicellular
• Where they live: water environment
(freshwater and marine)
• Mode of Nutrition: Heterotrophs, engulfs food
• Reproduction: mainly asexually
• Movement: Pseudopods via cytoplasmic
streaming
• Examples: Ameoba
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Section:
Sarcodine Example: AmoebaSection 20-2
Contractile vacuole
Pseudopods
Nucleus
Food vacuole
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Section:
The Ameoba
ontractile vacuole
•
Main Structures
•
Pseudopods: “false feet”- uses them to
move by cytoplasmic streaming. Also
uses pseudopods to engulf food.
•
•
Nucleus: control center, hereditary info
Food Vacuole: stores food and nutrients
•
Contractile vacuole: regulates the
amount of water and pumps out excess
water and wastes
Pseudopods
leus
vacuole
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Section:
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Section:
Watch the ameoba movement
• Ameoba
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Section:
The Ciliates
• Cell Type: unicellular, eukaryotic
• Where they live : Water environment
• Movement: cilia – short hair-like projections, similar to
flagella that allow them to swim in their environment
• Mode of Nutrition: heterotrophic- cilia sweeps in food
from their surroundings, or food can enter through an
oral groove
• Reproduction: mainly asexual, can also by conjugation
• Mostly free living – not parasitic
• Examples: stentor, paramecium
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Section:
Figure 20-5 A Ciliate
Section 20-2
Trichocysts
Lysosomes
Oral groove
Gullet
Anal pore
Contractile vacuole
Micronucleus
Macronucleus
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Section:
Food vacuoles
Cilia
• Cilia- hairlike projections that
aid in movement of the
organism
• Trichocysts- small bottleshaped structures used for
defense.
• Two nuclei- Micronucleus (cell
divison) & Macronucleus
• Oral groove: collects and
directs food into gullet
• Gullet- An indentation in one
side of the organism that
collects food.
• Contractile Vacuolesspecialized to collect water.
• Endoplasm: cytoplasm toward
the middle of the cell
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Section:
The Blepharisma- Another ciliate
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Section:
• Paramecium life
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Section:
Phylum Sporozoa - Sporozoans
• Cell Type: eukaryotic and unicellular
• Mode of Nutrition: heterotrophic (parasitic).
Complete part of their life processes within a
host cell
• Movement: can not move by themselves. Rely
on the host vector for transport, but can move
within the vector
• Reproduction: asexually within the host cell
cell
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Section:
Diseases that Sporozoans cause
• Malaria
• Caused by the the sporozoan named
Plasmodium vivax
• Plasmodium’s host is the mosquito
• Can use chloroquinine to help treat it
• Malaria Reading
Go to
Section:
Figure 20-7 The Life Cycle of Plasmodium
Section 20-2
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Section:
Zooflagellates
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cell Type: Unicellular, eukaryotic
Mode of Nutrition: Heterotrophic
Movement: flagella
Where they live: water and fluid environments
Reproduction: Asexual
Examples:
– Trypanosoma – Causes African Sleeping Sickness,
– Trichonympha – found indigestive system of termites
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Section:
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Section:
Plant- like protists
• Cell Type: some unicellular, some multicellular
(algae), eukaryotic
• Mode of Nutrition: AUTOTROPHIC contains
chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis. Some
can be heterotrophic when light is not present
• Movement: some have flagella, some have cilia
• Where they live: aquatic environments, soil,
some live in colonies
• Reproduction: mainly asexual, but some sexual
(alternation of generations, spores)
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Section:
Types of Plant Like Protists
• Algae- are at the base of aquatic food chains
(3 types- green, brown, and red)
• Euglenoids
• Dinoflagellates
• Diatoms
Examples: volvox, spirogyra (spiral shaped
chloroplast), euglena
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Section:
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Section:
Interesting Facts About Plant Like
Protists
• They produce much of the oxygen in aquatic
environments
• Algae are protist not plants! Just because its
green doesn’t mean that it’s a plant.
• Some plant like protists are found in
toothpastes, pudding, salad dressing that are
used as thickeners.
Go to
Section:
Video
Algae
• Click the image to play the video segment.
Euglena
Section 20-3
Chloroplast
Carbohydrate
storage bodies
Gullet
Pellicle
Flagella
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Section:
Eyespot
Nucleus
Contractile
vacuole
•
•
•
•
•
2 Flagella
No Cell Wall
Red Eye Spot to detect light
Contains chloplas to carry out photosynthesis
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs when sun is not
available
• Pellicle: stiff outer membrane
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Section:
• 2 Flagella
• No Cell Wall
• Red Eye Spot to detect
light
• Autotrophs and
Heterotrophs when sun
is not available
• Pellicle: stiff outer
membrane
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Section:
Pellicle
Eyespot
Important euglena structures
• Pellicle- stiff outer
membrane
• Contractile vacuoleregulates and pumps excess
water and wastes
• Chloroplast- site of
photosynthetic activity
• Flagella- movement
• Eyespot- helps to detect the
light
• Nucleus- hereditary, genetic
material
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Section:
Fungus-like Protists
•
•
•
•
Cell Type: eukaryotic, unicellular majority of time
Mode of Nutrition: heterotrophic, decomposers
Reproduction: asexual and sexual stages by spores
Where they live: water or moist environments, decaying
plants and trees
• Movement: can all move at some point, some have
pseudopods (slime mold)
• Commonly called: slime molds and water molds. Water
molds responsible for the Irish Great Potato Famine, can
destroy crops
• Examples: Acrasiomycota - Cellular Slime Mold,
Myxomycota - Acellular Slime Mold, Oomycetes- Water
mold
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Section:
• Water Mold
And slime mold
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Section:
Go Online
• Links on funguslike protists
• Interactive test
• Articles on protists
• Articles on protozoans
• For links on protists, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the
Web Code as follows: cbn-6201.
• For links on algae, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web
Code
as follows: cbn-6204.