Transcript Intro to Botany

Today’s Goal:
• I can explain what I think botany is
• I can name 5 different plants I ate over the weekend
• I can name 3 different parts of a plant cell and
their function
Homework:
1.
2.
Complete definitions on page 6 of your journal
Plant cell vocabulary and diagram quiz on
_________________
Warm-up:
Write down tonight’s homework. Then, think about 5 food
items that you ate over the weekend that grew out the
ground and discuss these items with your table group.
 What is Botany?
 the scientific study of plants, including their physiology, structure, genetics,
ecology, distribution, classification, and economic importance
FOUR Types of Plants
The first major difference is how material is moved throughout
the plant
Nonvascular - no tubing
Vascular- tubing
FOUR Types of Plants
The next big difference is, how does a vascular plant create a
new plant
Seeds
Seedlessspores
FOUR Types of Plants
The next difference in vascular seed plants is what surrounds
the seed
Gymnosperms-
Angiosperms-
naked seed plants
flesh surrounding seed
• Photosynthesis • Cell wall
• Multicellular • Waxy cuticle
• Autotrophic • Sexual Repro.
Plants
Vascular
Seeds
Angiosperm
Nonvascular
Seedless
Gymnosperm
Ferns, Club Mosses,
Horsetails, Whisk Ferns •
Reproduce with spores
• Sexual reproduction
• Flowering
• Sexual reproduction
• Seeds in fruit
• Coniferous
• Seeds in cone (naked)
Present
Moss, liverwort,
hornwort, etc.
Reproduce with spores
• Obtains food and water
through diffusion only (no
tubing)
Past
Distribution of Plant Types
 Photosynthesis 
Makes food from sunlight- chlorophyll (a
green pigment) found in chloroplasts
captures sunlight
 Multicellular 
Made up of many cells
 Autotrophic 
make their own food using chlorophyll
(through photosynthesis)
 Cuticle
A waxy coat that covers plants and keeps them from
drying out
 Cell wall 
 Sexual
Reproduction
Supports and protects plant cells; made
of cellulose
A fertilized egg creates spores or seeds
A. organelles Mini “organs” within the cell
B. cell wall Rigid outer structure of the cell; made of cellulose
C. cell membrane Flexible layer within the cell wall; allows
materials in and out (semi-permeable)
D. cytoplasm Liquid gel within the membrane
E. vacuole Water storage
F. nucleus Holds the DNA
G. chloroplasts Green organelles that perform photosynthesis
H. mitochondria Produces energy for the cell in the form of ATP
cell membrane
cell wall
cytoplasm
vacuole
mitochondria
nucleus
DNA
chloroplasts
Remember, a
lot of these
organelles are
hard to see
under a light
microscope
because they
are clear.
Leaf cells under a regular
light microscope (400x)
A single plant cell under the high
magnification of an electron microscope
What is this?
What is
this?
Ocular lens
(Eyepiece)
Body Tube
Nosepiece
Arm
Objectives
Stage
Stage Clips
Coarse Adjustment
Diaphragm
Light
Fine Adjustment
Base
Always carry a microscope with one hand holding the arm
and one hand under the base.
Low power
40 X
Medium power
100 X
High power
400 X
Comparing Powers of Magnification
We can see better details with higher the
powers of magnification, but we cannot see as
much of the image.
Which of these
images would be
viewed at a higher
power of
magnification?
How to make a wet-mount slide …
1 – Get a clean slide and coverslip from your teacher.
2 – Place ONE drop of water in the middle of the slide. Don’t use too much
or the water will run off the edge and make a mess!
3- Get one piece of Elodea from Ms. Nagle and place in the middle of your
drop of water
4 – Place the edge of the cover slip on one side of the water drop.
5- Slowly lower the cover slip on top of the drop.
Cover
Slip
Lower slowly
5 – Place the slide on the stage and view it first with the red-banded objective (low
power). Once you see the image, you can rotate the nosepiece to view the slide with
the different objectives.
When you get to your station…
1 – Turn on the microscope and then rotate the nosepiece to click the low
power objective lens into place (make sure stage is all the way down).
2 – Place a slide on the stage and secure it using the stage clips. Use the
coarse adjustment knob (large knob) to get it the image into view and then
turn the nose piece to medium power.
3 – Now use a combination of the coarse adjustment knob first (large knob)
and then the fine adjustment knob (small knob) to get it the image into
view and then turn the nose piece to high power.
4 – NOW YOU ARE IN HIGH POWER AND ONLY USE THE FINE
ADJUSTMENT KNOB (THE SMALL KNOB). Use the fine adjustment knob
to get the image in focus and then draw what you see on your worksheet.
5 – When your group is done, turn off the microscope, move to smallest
objective lens, lower the stage and clean the slides you used.
Journal - Plant Cells (Elodea)
 Make a wet mount slide and observe the Elodea under the
microscope.
 Draw a EIGHT to TEN plant cells from what you see in the
microscope.
 Color Drawing
 Label:
1. Cell walls
2. Chloroplasts
Vocab Definitions:
Photosynthesis (110)
Chlorophyll (110)
Cellular Respiration (111)
Cell wall (79)
Producer (9 or 78)
Plant Cell Journal – Elodea (continued)