Transcript Six Kingdoms of Life

Basics of Animal
Classification
Symmetry

Three Types:
 Radial-circular
symmetry, can divide
many times
 Bilateral-known
simply as being
symmetric, can divide into 2
 Asymmetric-no

symmetry at all
Does not necessarily mean they match up
perfectly
Outer Coverings

Different organisms have special outer coverings

Skin

Exoskeleton

Scales

Scutes

Feathers

Hair –outgrowth of protein, never stops

Fur-stops at a certain length

Shells

Cellulose

Bark
Scute (pronounced skyoot) – a
bony external plate or scale
overlaid with horn.
Scutes on an alligator foot – also
found on bird feet and on turtle
shells.
Vertebrate

Bones in the spinal column
 Examples:
all fish, mammals,
birds and reptiles

Examples of animals without
vertebrate: jellyfish, starfish, sea
urchins, bugs
https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=b-7lxvhr_Wg
Watch a live mole dig his way to freedom
Appendages

An external body part
 Legs
 Wings
 Arms
 Fins
 Claws
 Pincers
 Pedipalps
 Tail
Pistol Shrimp

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKPrGxB1Kzc
Pedipalps are the two
appendages on the front of a
spider's head.
Mobility

Sessile: fixed in one place


Examples: barnacles, sponges, plants
Mobile: movable, not fixed in place

Examples: birds, humans, bugs
Fastest movements in the
animal kingdom
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zcWxAfl0okE
Six Kingdoms of Life
Six Kingdoms
 Archaebacteria
 Eubacteria
 Protista
 Fungi
 Plantae
 Animalia
(Archaea)
(Monera)
Archaebacteria

Oldest form of life

Singe cell organism (unicellular)

Found in extreme environments
 Geysers
 Hotsprings
 Volcanic

ocean vents
Have a cell wall, but no nucleus
Eubacteria

Second oldest form of life

Single cell organism (unicellular)

Examples of the most familiar bacteria:
 Streptococcus
 Lactobacillus
 Staphylococcus

Have a cell wall, but no nucleus

Different cell wall then Archaea
Archaea Cell Wall

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTvPb4shgVI
Protists

“Odds and Ends” kingdom

All microscopic organisms that are not plants,
not animal, not bacteria, and not fungi.

Single cell organism (unicellular)

Some make their own food, and some don’t

Examples: Protozoa, Amoeba

Have nucleus
Introduction of Protists

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-6dzU4gOJo
Fungi

Most are multi-cellular organism
 Examples:
Mold, mildew, mushrooms

Important to ecosystems
(decomposers and food)

Some cause diseases – ringworm, and
athlete’s foot

Have a nucleus
Plants
 Second
largest kingdom
 Multi-cellular
 Producers
organisms
(make their own food)
 Without
plants life as we know it
would not exist.
 Have
a cell wall and nucleus
Animals
 Largest
kingdom
 Multi-cellular
 Consumers
– must eat for
energy
 Do
not have a cell wall, but do
have a nucleus
More Details on Animal Classes

Reptiles


Birds (Aves)


Have hair, nurse their young (produce milk)
Amphibians


Have feathers (one of the top main features!)
Mammals


Have scales, lay eggs, cannot produce their own
body heat
Cannot produce their own body heat, have a
permeable skin, usually land and water
Fish

Separated into 3 classes
So, like, how many kinds of
living things are there?

http://anthro.palomar.edu/animal/
table_kingdoms.htm
Basics of Plant
Life
1. Non-Vascular Plants

First to evolve

Very simple in structure compared to other plants

Require water to reproduce

Examples: Green Algae, Liverwort, Mosses
2. Seedless Vascular Plants

Have vascular tissues to transfer nutrients, water and
food

Do not reproduce via seeds, but rather by spores

Examples: Horsetails, Clubmosses, Quillworts, Ferns
3. Gymnosperms Plants

Means “naked seed”

Have exposed seeds, but no flowers

Examples: conifers, cycads, ginkgos
4. Angiosperms Plants

Have evolved to have vascular tissue, seeds, and
flowers

This flowering evolution is what sets them apart, gave
an advantage because they can attract organisms to
them with colorful displays and sweet smells to help
them reproduce

Farming is dependent on angiosperms, which provide
virtually all plant-based food

Examples: Creeping thistles, roses, crab apples
Seeds

Seeds carry the plant embryos (the baby plant) and a food
supply for the plant

They are suited for adverse conditions, this means they can
reproduce almost anywhere and anytime

Gymnosperms have male and female cones that fertilize
each other

Angiosperms have flowers with male and female parts
Male and Female Pine Cones

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEvD0N5xn1U
DANGEROUS PLANTS

http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=Xtpml0LaG0