Transcript Biology 1110 Principles of Biology Biology 1110 Laboratory

Biology 1110
Principles of Biology
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Biology 1110 Laboratory
Laboratory # 2 Beginning Cytology
Support/Review Materials
All of the micrographs in this presentation were photographed in the MnWest
Biology Laboratory unless otherwise noted.
The microscope symbol that you see
power. Clicking on the microscope
magnification. Give it a try.
indicates a change in microscope
most often increases the viewing
Beginning Cytology
Cytology – the study of the cell.
In this exercise you will study a cell obtained
from the animal kingdom as well as a plant
cell.
The representative animal cell is a starfish
unfertilized egg. The cell has been stained so
as to assist in the viewing and study of certain
cellular structures (organelles).
The plant cell viewed is a living plant cell
taken from an aquatic plant.
The compound(light) microscope is used in
these investigations.
Cytology - Study of a representative animal cell. The Starfish
Unfertilized Egg
The specimen is
placed on the
microscope stage and
brought into clear
focus.
For most specimens
we will shift to high
power for our more
detailed observations.
Cytology – A
representative animal
cell
You are viewing this cell
using the high power
objective on a compound
microscope.
The total magnification
varies some between
microscopes, but will be
around 400 times.
Can You identify the
cellular structures
(organelles) in the
micrograph?
This area of the cell contains the
living substance outside the
nucleus. This living substance is
the cytoplasm.
Nuclear
membrane
The cell or plasma
membrane
This is the nucleus of the
cell. The living
substance of the nucleus
is called nucleoplasm.
Nucleolus
The cell or plasma membrane – the surface membrane
that encloses the cell contents and regulates the passage of
material in and out of the cell.
The Cytoplasm – the living substance of the cell found
outside of the cell’s nucleus. Many cellular organelles are found
within the cytoplasm.
The Nucleus – this is the control center of the cell. The
living substance of the nucleus is called nucleoplasm.
The nucleoplasm contains most of the cell’s
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
The nuclear membrane – the membrane separating the
nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. This membrane regulates
communication between the nucleus and the rest of the cell.
Cytology
A representative animal cell
A – the plasma or cell
membrane
B – the cytoplasm
C – the nuclear
membrane
D - the nucleoplasm
E – the nucleolus
Cytology
A cell from the plant kingdom
The micrograph you are
looking at demonstrates a
portion of a leaf taken
from an aquatic plant. The
micrograph demonstrates
a low power view.
This is a living plant and
no biological stain has
been applied.
On high power we will
focus in on a single plant
cell and identify certain
structures.
Cytology
A cell from the plant kingdom.
No biological stain has
been applied to this
tissue. As a consequence
only a few structures are
clearly identifiable.
On the next slide we will
identify the plant cell
wall, chloroplasts, and
the general cytoplasmic
area.
The cytoplasm
The plant cell wall –
a rigid structure
found outside the
cell membrane. This
structure is not
found in animal cells.
Cloroplasts – these green spherical stuctures are the site
of the photosynthetic process.
Try it again