Transcript Final Exam Review - Sewanhaka Central High School District

Topic: Final Exam Review
Aim: Let’s review for our final exam.
Do Now: Let’s quickly review –
- Evolution and plant test
- Nutritional Relationships activity
- Dichotomous Key
HW: Ecology Castle Learning due Friday
Start studying for your Final (Friday and Monday)
a.
b.
e.
f.
Norno beverlus
Norno californius
d.
c.
Norno walawala
Norno dakotus
Norno yorkio
g.
Norno kentuckyus
Norno dallus
h.
Norno rajus
To measure the volume of an
irregular solid, a student can use
a. a triple beam balance
b. a beaker
c. displacement in a graduated
cylinder
d. a thermometer
The units for the volume of a solid
is
a. mL
b. mm
c. L
d. cm3
The amount of space an object
takes up is known as its
a. mass
b. density
c. volume
d. matter
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions.
1.Identify the instrument used.
Graduated cylinder
2. Identify the units used to
measure the volume of a liquid.
mL or L
3. Determine the volume of the
liquid.
150mL
Volume:
12mL – 9mL
= 3mL
Displacement
Identify this method.
1. How is the density of an object measured?
Density = mass/volume
2. What is the density of one cup of water?
1g/mL
3. What is the density of half a cup of water?
1g/mL
4. What is the density of a 100gram object with a volume of
20 milliliters?
D = Mass/Volume
100g/20mL
= 5g/ml
5. The object above was cut into three pieces. What is the
density of one of those pieces?
5g/ml
1. Explain why an object placed in a glass of
water floats.
The object has a density LESS than the
density of water (1g/ml).
2. Explain why an object placed in a glass of
water sinks.
The object has a density MORE than the
density of water (1g/ml).
1. The problem of an experiment is in the form
of a _____________.
PROBLEM
HYPOTHESIS is an educated guess to the
2. A ______________
problem of the experiment.
CONCLUSION
3. The ________________
states whether your
hypothesis is correct or incorrect.
CONTROL
4. The ______________
group does not contain
the independent variable.
DEPENDENT
5. What is measured is known as the ___________
variable.
EXPERIMENTAL group that contains the
6. The ______________
independent variable.
7. A new idea tested in a scientific experiment is
known as the ______________.
HYPOTHESIS
What would make the results of
an experiment carried out by a
research team valid?
The experiment was repeated and
the same results were obtained
each time.
To test the effect of hormones on plant
growth, 6 potted plant seedlings of the
same species were measured and then
sprayed with a growth hormone. After 4
weeks of growth under ideal conditions,
the plants were measured again.
1. How would you set up the control group?
There should be another group with 6 plants
that DO NOT receive water.
To test the effect of hormones on plant
growth, 6 potted plant seedlings of the
same species were measured and then
sprayed with a growth hormone. After 4
weeks of growth under ideal conditions,
the plants were measured again.
2. Identify the independent and dependent
variables.
Independent variable: Growth hormone
Dependent variable: Length of the
seedling
To test the effect of hormones on plant
growth, 6 potted plant seedlings of the
same species were measured and then
sprayed with a growth hormone. After 4
weeks of growth under ideal conditions,
the plants were measured again.
3. Give 2 factors that must be kept constant.
The amount of water each plant receives.
The temperature the plants were kept.
The species of plant used.
The amount of soil in each pot.
You studied the effect of the amount of fish food on
the mass of goldfish. One tank of goldfish is fed the
normal amount of food once a day. A second tank of
goldfish was fed twice a day. A third tank of goldfish
was fed three times a day. The fish's mass was
measured three times a week.
1.State the problem.
What is the effect of the amount of fish food
on the mass of goldfish?
2.Give a possible hypothesis.
I think that feeding the goldfish three times a
day will increase the mass of the goldfish
the most.
You studied the effect of the amount of fish food
on the mass of goldfish. One tank of goldfish is fed
the normal amount of food once a day. A second
tank of goldfish was fed twice a day. A third tank of
goldfish was fed three times a day. The fish's
mass was measured three times a week.
3. Identify the independent variable.
The amount of food
4. Identify the control group.
The group of goldfish that were fed once a day.
You studied the effect of the amount of fish food on the mass
of goldfish. One tank of goldfish is fed the normal amount of
food once a day. A second tank of goldfish was fed twice a
day. A third tank of goldfish was fed three times a day. The
fish's mass was measured three times a week.
5. Identify the dependent variable.
The mass of the goldfish.
6. Identify 2 controls (factors that must remain constant).
Amount of fish in each group
Temperature of the water
Amount of light the fish are exposed to
The original mass of the fish
Identify the
independent
variable.
280
260
240
220
200
Water temperature
180
160
140
120
Identify the
dependent
variable.
100
80
60
40
20
Average water flea
heart rate
5
10
15
20
25
30 35
State the
relationship
between the
average water flea
heart rate and
water temperature.
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
As water
temperature
increases, the
average water flea
heart rate
increases.
100
80
60
40
20
5
10
15
20
25
30 35
What is the average
flea heart rate at
15ºC?
280
260
240
220
200
118 beats/min
180
160
140
120
What is the average
flea heart rate at
30ºC?
100
80
60
40
20
240 beats/min
5
10
15
20
25
30 35
B
A
C
1. Identify structure A.
Support your answer.
Electron because it is
negative.
2. Identify structure B.
Support your answer.
Proton because it is
positive.
3. Identify structure C.
Support your answers.
Neutron because it is
neutral. It does not have a
charge.
4. Identify the structure in
the middle of the atom
that contains protons and
neutrons.
Nucleus
B
A
C
5. Identify the atomic
number of this atom.
Support your answer.
Atomic number is 8
because the atom has 8
protons.
Which of the following is not an
element?
1. oxygen 2. sodium chloride
3. hydrogen 4. nitrogen
A chemical formula like CO2
represents
1. an element
2. an atom
2. an electron 4. a compound
A compound is 2 or more elements
CHEMICALLY combined.
A substance that cannot be
changed into simpler
substances by a chemical
change is called a (an)
1. element.
2. liquid.
3. solid.
4. mixture.
1. Explain why the substance
on the left is a mixture.
It is made up of 2 or more
substances PHYSICALLY
COMBINED.
2. Describe how a mixture is
different than a compound.
A compound is made up of 2
or more substances
CHEMICALLY COMBINED.
For the following solutions, identify the solute and
solvent.
1. Sweetened tea
Solute: sugar
Solvent: water
2. Salt water
Solute: salt
Solvent: water
3. Hot chocolate with milk
Solute: chocolate
Solvent: milk
Sand and iron particles that are similar in
size and color are mixed together in a
beaker. What would be the best
method of separating the particles?
1. Use tweezers to separate them.
2. Add water to the mixture.
3. Use a magnet to separate them.
4. Pour the mixture into a filter.
Identify the solid, liquid and gas! Support your answer.
GAS
-
-
High energy
atoms
No definite
volume or
shape
Takes shape
of a closed
container
SOLID
- Atoms are
tightly packed
- Definite shape
and volume
- Atoms vibrate
LIQUID
- Atoms are
loosely packed
- Define volume
but no definite
shape
- Take shape of
an open
container
- Atoms cohesive
Identify the phase change described.
melting
1. Solid to liquid:
condensation
2. Gas to liquid:
3. Liquid to solid: freezing
4. Solid to gas: sublimation
vaporization
5. Liquid to gas:
Identify how to help sugar dissolve
faster in water.
Stirring the water
Using smaller particles of sugar
Increasing the water temperature
1. Explain why sand and
water is not a solution.
The sand did not dissolve
in the water.
2. How can the water be
separated from the sand?
Pour the sand-water
mixture through filter
paper (filtration).
Let the water evaporate
which would leave the
sand in the beaker.
Identify all labeled structures in the diagram.
E
High Power
objective
Ocular
Coarse
adjustment
Fine
adjustment
Arm
What was the highest
possible
magnification that
can be obtained
when using this
microscope?
Objective - Ocular
40 x 10 =
400x
E
F
1. What happens to the amount of
light when switching from low
to high power?
The amount of light decreases.
2. What happens to the field of
view when switching from low
to high power?
The field of view decreases.
3. Which structure can only be used
to focus the specimen under
high power? Support your
answer.
The fine adjustment
because using the coarse
adjustment under high
power can break the
objective lens or the slide.
E
F
What are two possible adjustments
that need to be made when
switching to high power?
Adjust the diaphragm to make the
filed of view brighter.
Focus with the fine adjustment.
Explain one difference between plants
and fungi.
Plants are autotrophic. Fungi are
heterotrophic.
1. What is the name of the method used to
today to name organisms?
Binomial nomenclature
2. Who devised this system of naming
organisms?
Carolus Linnaeaus
3. What does the scientific name of an
organism consist of?
Genus species
1. List two characteristics of a kingdom.
- LARGEST LEVEL
- CONSISTS OF ORGANISMS THAT ARE VERY DIVERSE
OR DIFFERENT
2. Why is a species considered the most specific
level? ORGANISMS ARE VERY SIMILAR
3. The scientific name of the clouded leopard is
Neofelis nebulosa . What is the organism’s genus
and species? GENUS  Neofelis
SPECIES  nebulosa
Acer saccharum is the scientific name
for the sugar maple tree. Acer is the
name of the tree's
1. genus
2. phylum
3. species
4. kingdom
The level of classification that consists
of organisms that are most closely
related is
a. Kingdom
b. Phylum
c. Genus
d. Species
Identify all the organelles labeled and give the
function of each.
Nucleus: controls all cell
activities
Vacuole:
stores
materials
Ribosome:
produces proteins
(5)
Mitochondria: produces
energy
Cell membrane: controls
what enters and leaves
the cell
Identify the structures labeled and the function of
each.
1- nucleus: controls all cell activities
2 – nucleolus: produces ribosomes
3 – cell membrane: controls what
enters and exits the cell
4 – cytoplasm: holds cell organelles
5 – cell wall: keeps plant cells rigid
and supports plant cell
6 – vacuole: stores materials
7 - chloroplast: site of
photosynthesis
Which is found in the nucleus?
(1.) ribosome
(2.) vacuole
(3.) lysosome
(4.) chromosome
The rigidity (support) of a plant cell is
due primarily to the presence of
the
(1) chloroplasts
(2) centrosomes
(3) cell membrane
(4) cell wall
Which sequence of terms is in the correct
order from simplest to most complex?
(1) cells, tissues, organs, organ
systems
(2) tissues, organisms, cells,
organ systems
(3) cells, tissues, organ systems,
organs
(4) organs, organisms, organ
systems, cells
The breakdown of organic compounds
to produce ATP is known as
(1)cellular respiration
(2)transpiration
(3)active transport
(4) photosynthesis
1. Identify the cell organelle where cellular
respiration occurs.
MITOCHONDRIA
2. Identify the cell organelle where
autotrophic nutrition (photosynthesis)
occurs.
CHLOROPLASTS
In the presence of oxygen, _____
molecules of ATP can be formed.
(1)2
(2) 19
(3) 36
(4) 63
1. What type of transport does this picture
represent? Active transport
2. Explain your answer.
Substances are moving from a LOW to HIGH
concentration.
The diagram above shows the same type of
molecule in area A and area B. With
the passage of time, some molecules move
from area A to area B. Identify the name of
this process. Support your answer.
Passive transport because the molecules are
moving from a high to low concentration.
The movement of materials from
higher to lower concentration is
called
(1.) diffusion
(2.) active transport
(3.) pinocytosis
(4.) phagocytosis
The movement of materials from lower
to higher concentration requiring
energy is called
(1.) movement
(2.) diffusion
(3.) active transport
(4.) cell division
Identify the system being described.
1. Transports substances throughout the
body. CIRCULATORY
2. Regulates all life processes. ENDOCRINE AND NERVOUS
3. Removes metabolic (cellular)wastes. EXCRETORY
4. Breaks down food to make it small enough
to diffuse into cells. DIGESTIVE
5. Exchanges gases between the internal and
external environment. RESPIRATORY
6. Production of new individuals. REPRODUCTIVE
7. Enables organisms to move. MUSCULAR AND
SKELTAL
Identify each sysytem below.
Skeletal
Muscular
Respiratory
Circulatory
Digestive
Nervous
Excretory
1. Identify the following
information for the food
to the left.
a. Serving size 2 crackers
b. Total carbohydrates 10g
c. Calories 60
d. Protein 2g
2. How many calories would
you consume if you ate 2
servings of these
crackers?
120 calories
The diagram represents
gas exchange in the lungs.
1. Identify the structure
in the diagram.
alveolus
2. What process occurs
in this structure? gas
exchange
X Y
3. Identify the blood
vessel surrounding this
structure. capillary
The diagram represents
gas exchange in the lungs.
4. Identify gas X.
O2
5. Identify gas Y.
CO2
X Y
6. Identify the process
that causes the
movement of gases.
diffusion
7. Identify the 2 systems
involved in this process.
Respiratory and
circulatory systems
The diagram represents cells that make
up the blood.
Y
red blood cell
Identify structures X, Y, and Z.
white
blood cell
Z
platelet
The diagram represents cells that make
up the blood.
white
blood cell
Helps fight
pathogens
Y
red blood cell
Carries oxygen
Z
platelet
Blood clotting
Identify the function of each structure.
Hormones and secretions of the nervous
system are chemical messengers that
1. store genetic information
2. carry out the circulation of materials
3. extract energy from nutrients
4. control and coordinate system
interactions
Hormones are transported by
1. villi
2. the blood
3. the lungs
4. alveoli
The life process that involves the release of
hormones and neurotransmitters is
1. reproduction
2. transport
3. excretion
4. regulation
Regulation involves the maintenance of a
stable internal environment known as
1. immunity
2. homeostasis
3. locomotion
4. respiration
Identify the substance released
by neurons to enable an
impulse to travel from one
neuron to the next?
Terminal branches release
neurotransmitters into the
synapse.
Identify the structures that make up
the central nervous system.
Brain and Spinal Cord
1. Identify the structure in the diagram.
Neurons
2. In what system are these cells located?
Nervous system
3. Identify the electrochemical message that moves
throughout these cells.
Impulse
Dendrites
Cell body
Schwann cells
Axon
Terminal
branches
4. Identify each part of the neuron in the diagram.
5. Identify the space in between terminal branches on one
neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron.
Synapse
6. Identify the chemical released into the space to transmit the
impulse to the next neuron.
Neurotransmitter
Identify each structure in the diagram of the knee and
describe its function.
A – Skeletal muscle
•Attach to bone to aid
in movement
B - Ligament
•Connect bone to bone
C - Tendon
•Connect muscle to bone
1. Identify the 2 systems involved in the movement of this
knee. Skeletal and Muscular systems
2. Identify the life process. LOCOMOTION
1. Identify the stage that represents fertilization.
Stage 1
2. Define fertilization.
The joining of a sperm and egg cell to create a zygote.
3. Identify the process occurring during stages 3 and 4.
Cleavage or mitosis
4. Identify structure 2.
Zygote
5. Which structure represents the morula?
Structure 5
6. Identify structure 6.
Blastula
7. Identify structure 7.
Gastrula
8. Identify the process that occurs after stage 7.
Differentiation
Which phrases best identify characteristics of asexual
reproduction?
(1) 1 parent, union of gametes, offspring similar
to but not genetically identical to the parent
(2) 1 parent, no union of gametes, offspring
genetically identical to parents
(3) 2 parents, union of gametes, offspring
similar to but not genetically identical to
parents
(4) 2 parents, no union of gametes, offspring
genetically identical to parents
1. Identify the types of cells represented by sperm
cells and egg cells.
GAMETES
2. Identify the process used to produce these cells.
MEIOSIS
3. In humans, how many chromosomes are found in
each of these cells compared to somatic or body
cells?
Gametes have HALF the number of chromosomes
of somatic cells.
1. Identify the process in the diagram.
BINARY FISSION
2. What type of reproduction is involved?
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
3. Describe the offspring of this process.
OFFSPRING ARE GENETICALLY IDENTICAL
TO THE ONE PARENT.
What does this diagram represent?
METAMORPHOSIS
Red is dominant in flowers and white is
recessive. Cross a heterozygous flower with a
homozygous dominant flower.
1. What is the chance of having white flowers?
2. What is the chance of having red flowers?
Rr x RR
R
R RR
r
Rr
R R R Rr
0% chance of having white
flowers.
100% chance of having red
flowers.
Which sequence shows the largest
structure to the smallest structure?
1. gene – DNA – chromosome
2. DNA – gene – chromosome
3. gene – chromosome – DNA
4. chromosome – gene – DNA
1. The process represented in
the diagram is known as
a. selective breeding
b. hybridization
c. cloning
d. genetic engineering
2. Identify a substance that can
be produced using this
technique.
Insulin
Growth hormone
Cloning an individual usually produces
organisms that
(1) contain dangerous mutations
(2) contain identical genes
(3) are identical in appearance and behavior
(4) produce enzymes different from the parent
To produce large tomatoes that are resistant to
cracking and splitting, some seed companies use
the pollen from one variety of tomato plant to
fertilize a different variety of tomato plant.
The technique used to create tomatoes resistant to
cracking and splitting is
a. genetic engineering
b. selective breeding
c. cloning
d. gene therapy
To produce large tomatoes that are resistant to
cracking and splitting, some seed companies use
the pollen from one variety of tomato plant to
fertilize a different variety of tomato plant.
Identify the type of selective breeding described
above. Support your answer.
Hybridization because the seed companies crossed
two DIFFERENT varieties of tomato plants.
Dog breeding can involve breeding closely related dogs
over many generations. For example, father to
daughter, half-brother to half-sister, mother to son, etc.
The goal of this technique is to preserve the traits that
breeders desire.
The technique described represents
a. hybridization
b. genetic engineering
c. cloning
d. inbreeding
The diagram represents an
explanation about why
giraffes have long necks.
1. Does this represent
Darwin’s Theory of Natural
Selection? Support your
answer.
No. According to Natural
Selection, having a long
neck is a favorable
adaptation enabling
giraffes to pass on that trait
to offspring. Over time, the
population consisted of
long-neck giraffes.
In the Theory of Natural Selection, Darwin stated that
variation exists within species.
1. Describe variation.
Differences within a species
2. Does Darwin describe what causes variation?
Support your answer.
He only states that variation exists.
3. Identify the causes of variation within a species.
Mutations, sexual reproduction, selective breeding,
genetic engineering.
4. What is a mutation?
Change in DNA.
Gorillas have large and powerful arms
that enable them to break stalks or
uproot vegetation. This is an example
of a(n)
1. acquired characteristic
2. mutation
3. adaptation
4. pathogen
Farmers are trying to produce cows that produce a large
amount of creamy milk. What technique can farmers
use? Support your answer.
Selective breeding – farmers select which cows to mate
and produce offspring.
Hybridization – farmers cross cows with different traits in
hopes of producing cows that get the best of both cows.
1. Which of the following is most likely to cause an
organism to become extinct?
1. A mutation develops.
2. The major change in the environment occurs and
organisms cannot adapt.
3. DNA is not readily passed on to offspring .
4. Malnutrition occurs over an organism’s lifetime.
2. Why is variation an advantage for a species?
The more variation within a species enables them to
survive a changing environment.
1. Identify the plant
structure that absorbs water.
ROOTS
2. Identify the plant
structure that contains
vascular tissue to transport
substances throughout the
plant.
STEMS
3. Identify the plant
structure where
photosynthesis occurs.
LEAVES
4. Identify the vascular tissue
that transports water up from
the roots.
XYLEM
5. Identify the vascular tissue
that transports nutrients
throughout the plant.
PHLOEM
6. Identify the FOOD produced
during photosynthesis.
GLUCOSE
7. What is the “food” used for?
RESPIRATION
1. Identify the type of nutrition represented by
photosynthesis.
AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION
2. Identify the raw materials for photosynthesis.
CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER
3. How does carbon dioxide enter the plant?
THROUGH THE LEAVES (STOMATA)
4. Identify the waste gas of photosynthesis.
OXYGEN
5. Identify the product used for respiration.
GLUCOSE
6. Identify the cell organelle where photosynthesis occurs.
CHLOROPLASTS
Identify what is being described.
1.One species living in the same area. Population
2.The role an organism plays in its habitat. Niche
3.Only eat producers. Herbivores
4.Break down dead organisms. Decomposers
5.Hunt for their food. Predators
Omnivores
6.Organisms that consume both plants and animals.
7.Consists of biotic and abiotic factors. Ecosystem
8.Where an organism lives. Habitat
9.Produce their own food. Producers
10.Many species living in the same area. Community
11.Feed off of organisms that have already been killed.
Scavengers
Which group can best be described as a
population?
(1.) all the honeybees in an orchard
(2.) all the plants and animals in a
forest
(3.) the life in Earth's atmosphere
(4.) the living and nonliving factors in a
meadow
Although 3 different bird species all inhabit
the same type of tree in an area,
competition between the birds rarely
occurs. The most likely explanation for this
lack of competition is that these birds
(1.) are unable to interbreed
(2.) have a limited supply of food
(3.) share food with each other
(4.) have different ecological niches
Bacteria of decay are important
components of an ecosystem because
they
(1) recycle organic matter
(2) are involved in photosynthesis
(3) absorb solar energy
(4) slow the spread of disease
1. Identify the following:
a. Producer
Trees, grasses
b. Herbivore
Deer, rabbit, mouse,
cricket
c. Carnivore
Mountain lion, snake,
hawk, frog
d. Omnivore
Mouse
2. If the population of mice is
reduced by disease, which change
will most likely occur in the food
web?
Increase in grass and crickets
Decrease in snakes and hawks
3. What is the original source of
energy for this food web?
Sunlight
4. Which organisms are not shown
in this diagram but are essential to
a balanced ecosystem?
Decomposers
5. State one example of a predatorprey relationship found in the food
web. Indicate which is the
predator and which is the prey.
Frog  hawk
Mouse  hawk
Rabbit  hawk
Deer  lion
Rabbit  lion
Identify the material cycle in the diagram above.
WATER CYCLE
Identify the material cycle in the diagram above.
CARBON AND OXYGEN CYCLE
The relationship between fleas and a dog is
most similar to the relationship between
(1.) honeybees and flower
(2.) orchids and a tree
(3.) nitrogen-fixing bacteria and a legume
(4.) athlete's foot fungus and a human
Barnacles often attach themselves to whales
and receive free transportation to parts of the
ocean. The whales are not affected by this
activity. This is an example of
(1.) mutualism
(2.) decomposers
(3.) commensalism
(4.) parasitism
The symbiotic relationship between a
human and the fungus that causes
athlete's foot is an example of
(1)predation
(2) commensalism
(3) parasitism
(4) decomposition
Stage D in the diagram below is located on land
that was once a bare field.
1. Identify the process in the diagram. Succession
2. Identify the pioneer organisms.Grasses
3. Identify stage D. Support your answer.
Climax community. It is the last stage that is not replaced.
4. Describe one factor that could disrupt the climax
community.
Natural disaster, deforestation, forest fires
Which organisms would most likely be
the pioneer organisms on a newly
formed volcanic island?
(1.) conifers
(2.) lichens
(3.) deciduous trees
(4.) tall grasses
Which statement concerning the climax stage
of an ecological succession is correct?
(1.) It is the first community to inhabit an
area.
(2.) It consists entirely of plants.
(3.) It persists until the environment changes.
(4.) It changes rapidly.
1. Which substance is the major cause of the
loss of our stratospheric ozone shield?
(1.) CFC's
(2.) oxygen
(3.) acid rain (4.) carbon dioxide
2. Give an example of a negative effect of
ozone depletion.
More UV radiation reaching Earth’s surface
 increase in cancer, destruction of
producers, eye damage
1. Which is NOT an expected effect of global
warming?
(1.) Melting of polar ice caps.
(2.) Flooding of coastal areas.
(3.) Increased crop yields.
(4.) Alteration of rainfall patterns
2. Identify two possible causes of global
warming.
Melting of polar ice caps  flooding
Climate change
Habitat destruction
There is ample evidence to suggest a
direct relationship between global
warming and increased
(1.) ozone concentration
(2.) carbon dioxide concentration
(3.) acid rain
(4.) CFC's
Which factor is a major cause of
global warming?
(1) increased burning of fuels
(2) increased number of green
plants
(3) decreased mineral availability
(4) decreased CO2 in the
atmosphere
1. Deforestation will most directly result in
an immediate increase in
(1) atmospheric carbon dioxide
(2) atmospheric ozone
(3) wildlife populations
(4) renewable resources
2. What are some other negative effects of
deforestation?
Habitat destruction