Transcript 8.1 9.1 Chloroplasts and Mitichondria

Bellwork: Tues. Oct 6, 2015
Words:
diffusion
concentration gradient
osmosis
active
passive
diffusion
1.______________:
movement of particles from
high to low concentration.
osmosis
2. ____________:
movement of water across a
semi permeable membrane.
Concentration gradient
3. ___________________________:
Difference
in concentration across a space
passive
4. ______________
transport: requires no
energy – like diffusion
active
5. ______________:
transport requires energy –
like a protein pump
Photosynthesis is
the most important
chemical reaction on
our planet and occurs
in the chloroplast of
plants.
Chloroplast and Mitochondria Notes:
Living things need
energy to survive.
This energy comes
from food. The
energy in most
food comes from
the sun.
Autotrophs: make “food” using sun’s light
energy (plants and other types of
organisms) in photosynthesis.
Chemosynthesis
producing energy (like photosynthesis) without
sunlight from the oxidization of chemicals
which seep up from the Earth's crust.
• Heterotrophs: can’t make their own food &
must eat autotrophs or other heterotrophs
to get energy
Most Photosynthetic reactions take
place in the leaves of plants. Gases
are exchanged through special cells
called stomata, which have special
“guard” cells which open during the
day and close at night.
Draw this in the blank area on your
notes
Plant cells contain Chloroplasts which
harvest energy from sunlight.
Pigments in the chloroplast (including the
common green pigment chlorophyll) absorb
sunlight and use this energy to complete the
chemical reaction:
6CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (from sunlight)  C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon
dioxide
water
glucose
oxygen
In this way, plant cells manufacture
glucose and other carbohydrates that
they can store for later use.
Photosynthetic cells may have
thousands of chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts: double membrane organelles
with an inner membrane folded into discshaped sacs called thylakoids.
Thylakoids contain chlorophyll & other
accessory pigments, and are stacked in
structures called granum (grana, plural).
Grana are connected to each other by
lamellae, and are surrounded by a gel-like
material called stroma.
Light-capturing pigments in the
grana are organized into
photosystems.
The Mitochondria: site of
Respiration
Food serves as a source of raw materials for the
cells in the body and as a source of energy.
Animal Cells
Animal
Mitochondrion
Plant
Plant Cells
Cellular Respiration: the
process releasing energy by
breaking down glucose and other
food molecules in the presence of
oxygen.
Mitochondria are cell powerhouses. Here
is where glucose & carbohydrates made by
plants during photosynthesis are broken down
by the process of aerobic cellular respiration
in cell mitochondrion. Releasing energy (ATP).
Chemical Reaction:
6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
oxygen + glucose → carbon + water + Energy as 36 ATP
dioxide
Chemical Energy and Food
One gram of the sugar glucose (C6H12O6), when
burned in the presence of oxygen, releases
3811 calories of heat energy.
calorie: amount of energy needed to raise the
temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree
Celsius.
Kcalories or Calories 
The more active a cell (muscle cell),
the more mitochondria it will have..
Mitochondria have a double membrane
like the nucleus and chloroplast. The
outer membrane is smooth, while the
inner membrane is convoluted into folds
called cristae.
Cristae: greatly increase surface area of
the membrane so that carbohydrates
(simple sugars) can combine with oxygen
to produce ATP, adenosine triphosphate
(the energy molecule of the cell).
The electron transport chain takes
place across the membranes of the
cristae (crista, singular). Inside the
folds or cristae is a space called the
Matrix that contains enzymes
needed for the Kreb's Cycle.
photosynthesis
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prFaS
e3s9e0
Cellular respiration
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gb2EzF_XqA
What do you notice about these two reactions?
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (from sunlight)  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (as ATP)
They are
opposites!!!
Bellwork: Mon. Oct. 6, 2014
1.The products of photosynthesis are
________________ and
_______________
2.The products of cellular respiration are
_______________, _______________ and
(energy) 36 ________
3. What is this a picture of? 
The Seed
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J62ffc0RR8Q&feature=related
Page 231 in your book
Light-capturing pigments in the
grana are organized into
photosystems.
Page 231