Transcript Micro Unit Test

Micro Unit Test
Study Guide
1. What are the 3 parts of
the cell theory?
• All living things are made of cells
• Cells are basic structure and function
of living cells
• Living cells come from only other
living cells
2. What is the difference
between a eukaryote and
prokaryote?
Eukaryote
– HAS nucleus
Ex: fungi
Prokaryote
– HAS NO nucleus
Ex: Coli
3. How do unicellular and
Multicellular differ?
Unicellular
- 1 cell
Multicellular
- more than 1 cell
4. List 3 things that are made
of cells.
1. Animals
2. Plant
3. Human
5. List 3 things NOT made of
cells.
1. Book
2. Desk
3. Binder
6.Explain the cell structures in
italicized.
cell membrane- Surrounds the cell
E.R.- Transportation for protein
Ribosome- On E.R, where protein is
made
Golgi Body- Receives and packages
protein
Lysosome- Digestive plant for cell
6.Explain the cell structures in
italicized. (cont.)
Mitochondria- Releases Energy for cell use
Cell wall- surrounds the plant cell membrane
Vacuole- stores food and water for cell
Cytoplasm- jelly-like substance that holds
organelle
Nucleus- control center of the cell
Chloroplast- makes energy from the sun to
make food for the plant cell only
7. Compare and Contrast plant
and animal cells.
8. Explain how the scientists in red
contributed to the cell theory.
Hooke- discovered “room like”
structures called cells
Schwann- discovered animals were
made up of cells
Schleiden- discovered plant cells
Leeuwenhoek- discovered bacteria
9. What are the levels of
cellular organization?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ System
Organism
10. Explain how things move in and
out of a cell through the writing in
red.
Diffusion- move from an area with high
concentration to low concentration
Osmosis- diffusion of water through a
selectively permeable membrane
Active transport- low/high energy
Passive transport- high/low energy
11. Explain the difference between
photosynthesis and cellular
respiration.
• Photosynthesis- the process by which
a cell captures the energy from sun
light and uses it to make food
• Cellular Respiration- the process by
which cells obtain energy from
glucose
12.Briefly explain all the parts
of cell division.
6 phases all have to deal with Chromosomes
–
–
–
–
–
–
Copied (interphase)
Cell begins to divide (prophase)
Pairs attach to spindle fibers (metaphase)
Pairs move to opposite ends of cells (anaphase)
2 nuclei form (telophase)
Membrane moves inward to create daughter
cells (Cytokensis)
13. What is Cancer
Cancer is when mutated cells multiply
and divide uncontrollably.
14. What is the difference
between heterotroph and
autotroph
Heterotroph- eat other organisms
Autotroph- Make their own food
15. Paramecium, amoeba,
euglena and volvox.
Uni or
Multicellular
How do they
move and
obtain energy
How are they
shaped
Auto or
Heterotroph
Paramecium
Unicellular
?
Can not
change shape
Heterotroph
Amoeba
Unicellular
Stretch its
cytoplasm
All have
different
shape
heterotroph
Euglena
Unicellular
Use flagellum
Scrunched up
and flexed
out
Auto and
Heterotroph
Volvox
16. How are bacteria helpful
and harmful to humans?
Helpful because…
-Decomposers and help break down materials.
-Help digest food
-Used to make cheese, sour cream and yogurt
Harmful because…
-Blue-Green bacteria can take over a pond, kill other forms
of life
-Food Spoil
-Sore Thought
17. Compare size, shape and
structure of viruses and bacteria
Size
Shape
Structure
Bacteria
Light microscope
Bacilli, Cocci,
Spirilla
Flagella, capsule,
cell wall, genetic
material,
cytoplasm,
membrane
Virus
Electron
microscope
Bullet, Brick, Rod,
Round, Robot,
Thread
Protein Coat,
Genetic Material
18. What is the flu? How is it
contracted?
Flu- respiratory infection caused by a
virus
How is it contracted?- Through the air
19. Explain Contagious Disease
and give examples
Contagious Disease- A Disease or
sickness anyone can get.
Examples- Scarlet Fever, Chicken Pox,
Common Cold
20. What is a vector? Give (1)
example.
Vector- vector is an organism that
does not cause disease itself but
which spreads infection by conveying
pathogens from one host to another.
Example- Mosquito
21. What is a vaccine and how
does it work?
Vaccine- prepares the body to get
ready to fight off any disease
Work- inject vaccine and antibodies
produce to help protect you
22. What is an antibiotic and
how does it work?
Antibiotic- drugs used to treat
infections caused by bacteria
Work- A bactericidal antibiotic kills
the bacteria and A bacteriostatic
stops bacteria from multiplying
Information from: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/10278.php
23. List factors that can
increase the spread of disease.
• Not washing hands
• Sneezing on someone else
• Coughing on someone else
24. What does antibiotic
resistance mean?
Organisms can survive through the
antibiotic medication
25. Why do people use
antimicrobial solutions? In which
situations are they best suited?
Why- to kill the germs
Best Suited- Sick, have bugs in your
house
26. What is crop yield? How can a
farmer increase their crop yield?
Crop yield- the number of crops that
were harvested in a season
Increased- adding organic things to
their soil
27. What is a bioengineer?
Engineers that attempt to either mimic
biological systems to create products
or modify and control biological
systems so that they can replace or
sustain chemical and mechanical
process
28. Which college courses would
help a student become a
bioengineer?
•
•
•
•
Biology
Chemistry
Engineering
Mechanics
29. What does bioengineering
mean?
Create usable, tangible, economically
viable products using biological
concepts.
30. What is biotechnology?
It is the use of living organisms by
humans.
31. In which fields of work is
biotechnology used?
Agriculture, Biology, Genetics, and
Medicine