Transcript Cell Division Student Notes

DNA in the Cell
Inside the nucleus are ______________, which
house DNA
Chromosome made from _____________________.
Coils DNA so it can ____________ into a cell
Each chromosome consists of __________________
called ____________________
Center of the chromosome is called the ___________
Number & Types of
Chromosomes
Sex chromosomes determine the sex of an organism
XX = _____________
XY = _____________
All other chromosomes are called _______________
Homologous Chromosomes
•Each organism gets _________ of each
autosome;___from mom and ___ from dad (___ total)
chromosomes; ______ pairs in humans)
•Each 2 paired chromosomes are called
_____________________chromosomes
•Homologous chromosomes carry ___________ for
the ______________________
Homologous Chromosomes
Diploid & Haploid Cells
Diploid Cells  Cells with _____copies of each
chromosome
Haploid Cells  Cells with ______ copy of each
chromosome
Most cells in the body are ________________
Sex cells (sperm & egg) are _________________
Diploid & Haploid Cells
Why Do Cells Divide?
1. Get _________________ (take in more nutrients
than they can metabolize)
2. _____________________ Need replacement
3. Surface to volume ratio; _______________ volume,
_______________________________
When do cells divide?
Depends on the ____________________ (days, weeks,
months, some never divide)
Cell Cycle  Cells will _________________________
Cell Division in Prokaryotes
Prokaryote  _________________________________
Binary Fission  _________________, cell doubles
in size and _________________
Stages of Cell Cycle in
Eukaryotes
Interphase  Growth Phase
•G1(Gap 1)  rapid ___________________ +
synthesis of organelles
•S (Synthesis)  Replication _________________
•G2 (Gap 2) -> Formation of ________________ +
preparation for _______________
Mitosis  DNA, which has
been replicated needs to be
_________________ to each
new cell
Stages of Mitosis
Prophase
Chromatin _________ (chromosomes) & nucleus __________
Spindle fibers (microtubules) ________& move chromosomes
Metaphase
Spindles align chromosomes in the ______________________
Anaphase
Centromeres divide and sister ______________________
Chromatids move ______________________________
Telophase
Chromosomes arrive at _______________________________
Nucleus ____________________
Spindle ____________________
Cell splits (_________________)
Stages of Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Animal Cell  _________________ pinches one cell
into 2 cells
Plant Cell  ______________ makes new cell wall;
_________________
Mitosis Animation
Additional Mitosis
Vocabulary
G0 Phase  Cell is neither _____________________
Centrioles  Ropes that ________________ around
the cell
Difference Between Plant
Cell & Animal Cell Mitosis
•Plant cells are surrounded by a tough outer case
called a __________________
•Animal cells are surrounded by a soft outer case
called a ________________________
•The first __________ of mitosis in plant and animal
cells are the same
Telophase
Animal Cell  Formation of a
__________________________
Plant Cell  Formation of ________
Meiosis Vocabulary
•Diploid Cells  cells with _________________ of
chromosome (___ from mom and _____ from dad)
•n= number of ____ of chromosomes
•Diploid Cells = _____
•Zygote = ________________
•Gametes= __________ sex cells
•Fertilization= union of _________________
•Sexual Reproduction  Parents generate
__________________________
Meiosis
Getting from diploid to haploid cells:
_______________
Where does it occur in humans?
Males _____________
Females  __________
Meiosis Overview
Meiosis I
•Diploid cells splits into ___
___________________
Meiosis II
• 2 haploid daughter cells
______________________
•Forms ___________ sex cells
•Same as _____________
Meiosis I
Prophase I
Homologous chromosomes pair together (called ____________________)
Each homologous pair of chromosomes is called a ___________________
Some ______________________ break off and attach to adjacent
homologous chromatids (_________________________________)
Crossing Over creates new genetic combinations
Metaphase I
Homologous chromosomes line up in the _________________ of the cell
Anaphase I
Homologous ______________________ move to opposite poles of the cell
Random separation of homologous chromosomes is called Independent
Assortment
Telophase I
Chromosomes reach opposite ____________________ of the cell
_______________________ begins
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
2 ____________________ go through the process of
mitosis & cell division
End result of meiosis II is ______________________
Gamete Formation
In males meiosis creates _____ sperm cells (called
______________________)
In females the cytoplasm is ___________ divided so
that only ____ big cell is formed, along with _____
other ____________________
Meiosis II
Meiosis Animation
Meiosis Animation