Transcript File - OCMS Science

The Cell Cycle
&
Cell Division
The Cell Cycle
No writing this required right
now, just look and listen.
MITOSIS
1 of 2 kinds of cellular division, occurs in
most of your body cells
Mitosis
The process of cell division which results
in the production of two daughter cells
from a single parent cell.
Mitosis- The daughter cells are
identical to one another and to the
original parent cell (TRUE clones).
Mitosis can be divided into stages
• Interphase
• Prophase
No writing this required right now
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase & Cytokinesis
Interphase
The cell prepares for division
• Animal Cell
– DNA replicated
– Organelles replicated
– Cell increases in size
• Plant Cell
– DNA replicated
– Organelles replicated
– Cell increases in size
Interphase
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Prophase
The cell prepares for nuclear division
• Animal Cell
– Packages DNA into
chromosomes
• Plant cell
– Packages DNA into
chromosomes
Prophase
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Metaphase
The cell prepares chromosomes for
division
• Animal Cell
– Chromosomes line up at the
center of the cell
– Spindle fibers attach from
daughter cells to
chromosomes at the
centromere
• Plant Cell
– Chromosomes line up at the
center of the cell
– Spindle fibers attach from
daughter cells to
chromosomes at the
centromere
Metaphase
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Anaphase
The chromosomes divide
• Animal Cell
– Spindle fibers pull
chromosomes apart
– ½ of each chromosome
(called chromotid) moves to
each daughter cell
• Plant Cell
– Spindle fibers pull
chromosomes apart
– ½ of each chromosome
(called chromotid) moves to
each daughter cell
Anaphase
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Telophase
The cytoplasm divides
• Animal Cell
– DNA spreads out
– 2 nuclei form
– Cell wall pinches in to form the
2 new daughter cells
• Plant Cell
– DNA spreads out
– 2 nuclei form
– New cell wall forms between
to nuclei to form the 2 new
daughter cells
Telophase
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
Plant Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
Let’s observe Mitosis
• Take time now to use the micro-viewers
with the prepared slides of cells in various
states of mitotic division.
• Use what you have taken notes on today
with what you see in your viewer to create
a learning guide.
Cell Cycle
&
Cellular Division
Interphase
Prophase
Your name
(____________)
Telophase &
Cytokinesis
Anaphase
Metaphase
Cell Cycle
&
Cellular Division
Interphase
Prophase
Your name
(____________)
Telophase &
Cytokinesis
Anaphase
Metaphase
Cell Cycle
&
Cellular Division
Interphase
Prophase
Your name
(____________)
Telophase &
Cytokinesis
Anaphase
Metaphase
Challenge Question
Must Have
• Real world connection
• Be MITOSIS only
• One human application,
and one non-human
application
• One plant and one
animal application
• One multicellular and
one unicellular
application
• Survival advantages and
disadvantages of using
asexual reproduction
process of mitosis
Can Include
• A variety of organisms in
the biological kingdoms
• Pictures (hand drawn)
• Colorful pictures (hand
drawn)
• Information about the
survival advantages and
disadvantages of using
meiosis with sexual
reproduction
Challenge Assignment
Avoid
• Anything that is “silly” or
distracting from the
content on Mitosis. Stay
focused
• Using toy or real
animals
• Making videos
• Doing too much, you
should make a list of
what you will do day-byday to stay on target
Presentations
• Will be Monday or
Tuesday as selected by
a random drawing of
names
• One at a time (not in
stations)
• Major grade! Rubrics
will be provided at the
end of the week when
your products are being
made
What I need from you today:
1. Slip of paper with your (or everyone’s) names on it
2. Day by Day check list (copy, you keep one too) of what
you will complete to be ready by Monday
3. A brief…summary… of what you will be discussing in
your project (organisms, real world applications…)
MEIOSIS
2nd kind of cellular division, only happens
with the formation of gametes
Meiosis
Meiosis is the type of cell division by which
germ cells (eggs and sperm) are produced.
Meiosis- One parent cell produces four
daughter cells.
Daughter cells have half the number of
chromosomes found in the original
parent cell.
Meiosis
During meiosis, DNA replicates
once, but the nucleus divides twice.
Meiosis
The four stages we learned about
before with mitosis are used to
describe the stages in meiosis but are
then listed as Type 1 or Type 2.
(Since there are 2 divisions of DNA)
First Division of Meiosis
• Prophase 1: Each chromosome duplicates and
remains closely associated. These are called sister
chromatids.
• Metaphase 1: Chromosomes align at the center of the
cell.
• Anaphase 1: Chromosome pairs separate with sister
chromatids remaining together.
• Telophase 1: Two daughter cells are formed with
each daughter containing only one chromosome of the
chromosome pair.
This will seem very familiar to Mitosis…
Prophase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Prophase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Metaphase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Telophase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Meiosis
Second Division of Meiosis
Second Division of Meiosis
• Prophase 2: DNA does not replicate.
• Metaphase 2: Chromosomes line up at the center of
the cell
• Anaphase 2: Centromeres divide and sister
chromatids move separately to each pole.
• Telophase 2: Cell division is complete.
“Half”
Four haploid daughter cells are formed.
Prophase II
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Metaphase II
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Telophase II
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Meiosis
Meiosis Animation
http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/movie/meiosis.htm
Differences in Mitosis & Meiosis
• Mitosis
–
–
–
–
Asexual
Cell divides once
Two daughter cells
Genetic information is
identical
• Meiosis
– Sexual
– Cell divides twice
– Four haploid daughter
cells
– Genetic information is
different
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
•
•
Interphase II
Prophase II
Mitosis happens in your normal
body cells, Meiosis happens
only in your gametes
Mitosis Replicates and Divides
the DNA once (full set, Diploid),
Meiosis Replicates the DNA
once and Divides twice (half
set, Haploid)
Telophase II &
Cytokinesis II
Anaphase II
Metaphase II
Comparison Animations
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divi_flash.html
http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/7th/gen
etics/sciber/animatin.htm
So, what happens if these
processes produce errors?...