Transcript Kingdom Plantae

• Domains and Kingdoms
Domain
Bacteria
Archaea
Kingdom
Bacteria
Archaea
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
(No
nucleus)
Prokaryotic
(No
nucleus)
Eukaryotic
(Nucleus)
Eukaryotic
(Nucleus)
Eukaryotic
(Nucleus)
Eukaryotic
(Nucleus)
Single or
MultiCellular
Single
(Unicellular)
Single
(Unicellular)
Single
(Unicellular)
Multicellular
Multicellular
Multicellular
Gets
Energy
from..
Varies
Varies
Varies
Sunlight
Absorbs
Consumes
Food
Cell Type Prokaryotic
• What’s a plant?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Definition of a plant
– (Circle the words you don’t know)
– Any of various photosynthetic, eukaryotic, multi-cellular
organisms of the Kingdom Plantae characteristically
producing embryos, containing chloroplasts, having cell
wall made of cellulose, and lacking the power of
locomotion.
– Photosynthetic – Makes sugar from light.
– Eukaryotic – Cells with a nucleus.
– Multi-cellular – Made of many cells.
– Embryo – Young organism that grows inside.
– Chloroplast – An organelle that does photosynthesis.
– Cellulose – A complicated and strong sugar.
– Locomotion – To move.
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
Plants: Have cell walls and make their own
food (photosynthesis), and lack the power
of locomotion.
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
The most familiar Eukaryotic cells
are Plants Cells and Animal Cells
• This is a picture of a plant cell. It has…
– Protective cell walls.
– Chloroplast for photosynthesis.
– Large storage vacuole that serves many
purposes.
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• There are many varieties of plants called
Divisions.

Plants are divided into Divisions instead
of Phylums.
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• The energy flow of life occurs because of
plants. Plants harness the energy from the
sun, and pass it on to all other life forms.
– Except for extreme bacteria on the ocean floor
and their predators that use chemosynthesis.
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• New Area of Focus: The Evolution of
Plants.
– and Algae (Protist)
– and Lichens (Fungi and Protist)
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Eukaryotic
(Cells with
Nucleus)
Prokaryotic
(Cells with
no Nucleus)
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Universal Ancestor
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• Between 500 and 400 million years ago, some
algae made the transition to land, becoming
land plants required a series of adaptations to
help them survive out of the water.
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• The first land plants
• Had to struggle with maintaining water in cells.
–But still need gas exchange.
• How to support yourself out of water.
• How to reproduce on land.
• How to anchor into ground.
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• Some solutions
– Waxy coverings to prevent water loss.
– Stomata cells that open and close.
– Roots.
– Spores.
– Vascular tissues, woody cores.
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• Some solutions
– Waxy coverings to prevent water loss.
– Stomata cells that open and close.
– Roots.
– Spores.
– Vascular tissues, woody cores.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Some solutions
– Waxy coverings to prevent water loss.
– Stomata cells that open and close.
– Roots.
– Spores.
– Vascular tissues, woody cores.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Some solutions
– Waxy coverings to prevent water loss.
– Stomata cells that open and close.
– Roots.
– Spores.
– Vascular tissues, woody cores.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Some solutions
– Waxy coverings to prevent water loss.
– Stomata cells that open and close.
– Roots.
– Spores.
– Vascular tissues, woody cores.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Vascular plants appeared by 350 million
years ago, with forests soon following by
300 million years ago.
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• Which vascular plant do you think came
first from the pictures below?
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• This one came first
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• This one came first – True leaves came
much later.
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• The swamp forests of the Carboniferous
Period have become the deposits of fossil
fuels which power our industrial society.
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• Seed plants evolved next.
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• Division 1: Bryophyta (Liverworts & Mosses)
Division 2: Psilophyta (Psilotum)
Division 3: Lycophyta (Club Mosses)
Division 4: Sphenophyta (Horsetails)
Division 5: Pterophyta (Ferns)
Division 6: Cycadophyta (Cycads)
Division 7: Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo)
Division 8: Gnetophyta (Gnetum & Welwitschia)
Division 9: Coniferophyta (Cone bearing trees & shrubs)
Division 10:Anthophyta (Flowering Plants)
• Online Flashcard practice for Plant Divisions
– http://quizlet.com/2755767/plant-divisionsflash-cards/
• Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo)
– Seeded plant.
– Living Fossil that dates back 270 million
years.
• Cycadophyta (Cycads)
– Seeded plants (Jurassic)
– Large crown and stout trunk
• Gnetophyta (Gnetum & Welwitschia)
– Contain vessel elements (which transport
water within the plant) as found in flowering
plants.
– Relative to flowering plant.
• Which one is a Ginkgo and which is a
Cycad?
• Which one is a Ginkgo and which is a
Cycad?
• Which one is a Ginkgo, Cycad, and which is
a Gnetum of Gnetophyta?
• Which one is a Ginkgo, Cycad, and which is
a Gnetum of Gnetophyta?
Ginkgo
Gnetum
Cycad
• Name the plants below?
• Name the plants below?
• Gymnosperms / seed plants evolved before
flowering seed plants.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Division 1: Bryophyta (Liverworts & Mosses)
Division 2: Psilophyta (Psilotum)
Division 3: Lycophyta (Club Mosses)
Division 4: Sphenophyta (Horsetails)
Division 5: Pterophyta (Ferns)
Division 6: Cycadophyta (Cycads)
Division 7: Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo)
Division 8: Gnetophyta (Gnetum & Welwitschia)
Division 9: Coniferophyta (Cone bearing trees & shrubs)
Division 10:Anthophyta (Flowering Plants)
• Online Flashcard practice for Plant Divisions
– http://quizlet.com/2755767/plant-divisionsflash-cards/
• Cone seed plants evolved before flowering
seed plants.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Flowering plants appeared around 140
million years ago.
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• Angiosperm: Flowering, covered seed,
produce seeds enclosed in a fruit /ovary.
• They have become very successful.
– 96% of all vascular plant species.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Anthophyta: Flowering Plants.
– Flowers
– Fruits
– Vascular System.
• Put the following pictures in chronological
order. Earliest 1,2,3,4,5,6 Arrived Latest
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Answers from earliest to latest.
5
1
2
3
4
6
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• Activity! Exit slideshow and students should
drag the following pictures to put them in
chronological order based on appearance.
First
Last
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First
Cyanobacter
ia and then
primitive
algae
Last
Non – vascular
plants
Seedless vascular
plants
Conifers /
flowerless
Plants
Flowering
Plants
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• Which one is a seedless vascular plant?
5
1
2
3
4
6
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• Which one is a seedless vascular plant?
Example - Ferns
5
1
2
3
4
6
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• Which one is a vascular cone bearing
plant?
5
1
2
3
4
6
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• Which one is a vascular cone bearing
plant?
Example - Conifer
5
1
2
3
4
6
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• Which ones are non-vascular plants?
5
1
2
3
4
6
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• Which ones are non-vascular plants?
• Answer: Mosses and…
5
1
2
3
4
6
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• Which one is an Angiosperm?
5
1
2
3
4
6
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• Which one is an Angiosperm?
5
1
2
3
4
6
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• Which is oldest, and which is youngest?
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• Which is oldest, and which is youngest?
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• Which is oldest, and which is youngest?
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• Which is oldest, and which is youngest?
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• Aquatic algae evolved before terrestrial
bryophytes.
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• Ferns / non-seed plants evolved before
seed bearing conifers.
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• Seed bearing conifers evolved before
flowering plants.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy