Transcript organ
The BIG idea: All living things are made up of cells Key Concepts: 1.1: The cell is the basic unit of living things 1.2: Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell 1.3: Different cells perform various functions *** TAKE NOTES!!!*** How organisms are classified into three domains Specialization in multicellular organisms How cells, tissues, and organs are organized 1) What advantages and disadvantages does a light microscope have in comparison with an electron microscope? -A light microscope can view live specimens but can only magnify 1000x 2) What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell? -Eukaryotic has DNA in nucleus. Prokaryotic has DNA throughout the cytoplasm 3) What organelles can be said to act like an assembly line within a cell? -The Endoplasmic reticulum uses materials from ribosomes to make proteins and cell membrane parts. Vesicles take those materials to the Golgi apparatus, which finishes processing them. A cell with no nucleus? Prokaryotic A cell with a cell wall and a nucleus? Plant Cell A device for viewing microorganisms? Microscope Roots vs Leaves The color of the roots are white and brown, the leaves are green. Leaves contain chloroplasts, a chemical that gives them their green color, and can produce sugar. 2-3 million bacteria living on each cm2 of your skin! Most organisms on Earth are single celled. Unicellular organisms were recently found in the least expected place – in very extreme conditions. Archaea ◦ Found in the deep ocean’s thermal vents – extreme heat and no oxygen, salty waters of Great Salt Lake, and in hot sulfur springs of Yellowstone Park First known as archaebacteria: ”ancient bacteria” Many of these organisms are found in ancient Earth-like environments (similar to hydrothermal vents) Archaea are genetically different from bacteria Both unicellular organisms made of prokaryotic cells Cytoplasm contains ribosomes but no organelles – simple! Tough cell wall Nucleus! Almost all multicellular organisms Many unicellular organisms: protist (ameoba, paramecium, euglena) For most Eukaryotes, no single cell can survive on its own Specific cells perform specific functions Blood cells, muscle cells, nerve cells (neuron), etc Plant cells for photosynthesis, draining water from soil, supporting plant’s weight Cell City! They way cells work together and interact depend on the organism - organization Simple sponge: certain cells take in food, other digest it; regeneration More advanced: cells specialize AND group: tissues ◦ Organized to do a specific job ◦ Hand: can see top layer of tissue Tissue working together to perform a particular function: organ ◦ Eye (to see) ◦ Leaf: provides energy and materials: has tissue that uses Sun’s energy to make sugar, and tissue moving sugar to other parts of the plant All work together Organs working together to form: organ systems Plants: roots, stems, leaves Humans: 11 organ systems, of 40 organs and 200 types of tissues. ◦ Nervous system: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs (eyes and ears) Specialized cells make up tissue ◦ Tissues act together to form an organ ◦ Different organs serve a common function (like digestion) Highest level of organization Please sketch both an animal cell and a plant cell, including the organelles listed in on the cells alive website. Be sure to label your diagram, and include a scale for reference. This should be a “biological drawing”, meaning: ◦ 1. Use unlined paper. ◦ 2. Always use a pencil (for this colored pencils are okay). ◦ 3. Print all words. ◦ 4. All labels written horizontally. ◦ 5. Center the title at the top of the diagram and print in all capital letters. To write a number in scientific notation: Put the decimal after the first digit and drop the zeroes. In the number 123,000,000,000 The coefficient will be 1.23 To find the exponent count the number of places from the decimal to the end of the number. In 123,000,000,000 there are 11 places. Therefore we write 123,000,000,000 as: 1) An oxygen atom measure 14/100,000,000,000 of a meter across. Write the width of the oxygen atom in standard form as a decimal number 0.00000000014 2) Write the width of the oxygen atoms in scientific notation 1.4 x 10-10m 3) A chloroplast measure 5 millionths of a meter across. Write its width in standard form and in scientific notation 4)A redwood tree stands 100 meter tall. There are 1000 millimeters in a meter. Express the height of the redwood tree in millimeters. Write the number in scientific notation. 5) A typical plant cell measures 1 millionth of a meter in width. Express the width in standard form and in scientific notation