Transcript PowerPoint Template

Kingdom Plantae
Anatomy and Adaptations
Why are plants important?
Primary source of food for people
and animals
Produce oxygen
Help to keep us cool
Renew the air
Slow wind speed
Provide a home for wildlife
Beautify surroundings
Furnish building materials
Fuel
Hierarchy of Life
Cells
Tissues
Organism
Organs
Organ
Systems
Plant Cell Review
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nucleus
Helps synthesize proteins
and lipids
Brain of the cell
Contains genetic info
DNA!
Golgi Apparatus
Vacuole
Storage
In plants can take up
to 90% of the
entire cell
Mitochondria
Packages and delivers
proteins
Energy
Cellular Respiration
ATP
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Support and structure
Composed of cellulose
Cell Membrane
Gateway to the cell
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Contains Chlorophyll
Site of photosynthesis
Hmmmm Question
Why do you
suppose plants
have larger
vacuoles than
animal cells?
3 Main Organs in Plants
1
Roots
2
Stems
3
Leaves
Roots Characteristics
Usually underground
Anchor plant and hold
upright
Absorb water and minerals
from soil and conduct to
stem
Store food
Roots
Root Structure
External
•Root Cap
•Provides continuous
supply of new cells
•Protects roots as
they push through soil
•Roots hairs
• absorb water
and minerals
Internal
•Similar to Stem
•Vascular Tissue
• xylem & phloem
Banana Root Tip
Tissue that
generates new
cells by
mitosis
Root
Cap
Meristamitic
Tissue
How does a plant take up water?
 Read the following passage.
Main Idea
Supporting
Detail
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Most vascular plants live on land and obtain water from the soil
through their roots by osmosis. Water present in surrounding soil particles
may move into root hairs by osmosis. The millions of tiny root hairs
together have a very large surface area for absorbing water into the roots
epidermal cells. This results in a greater concentration of water molecules
in the outer epidermal cells of the root than in the cortex. Thus, water
moves by osmosis from epidermal cells into the cortex. From there,
movement of water continues across the many cell layers of a root until the
water finally enters the xylem.
Flow Chart for Water transport
Using the reading passages, create a flow map starting with water and ending with xylem.
Water and
Minerals
If this flow chart was to
continue, predict where
the water would go
next?
Xylem
Continue Reading
Vascular plants also obtain minerals and nutrients from the soil
through their roots. Mineral ions enter roots by diffusion, facilitated diffusion,
or active transport. Some minerals are used in the root or are simply stored
there. Other minerals enter the xylem. The xylem of roots extends into the
stem and to the leaves. Water and dissolved ions are transported upward
through this pipeline.
Main Idea
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Water Uptake
 The continuous uptake of water creates a
pressure as osmosis draws water from a lower
concentration to a higher concentration. This is
referred to as root pressure.
This is why aqua
globes work! WOW!
H20
Hmmm Question
Why are root hairs
an adaptation for
plants?
Example of Roots
Tap Root
Fibrous Root
Stems Characteristics
 Contains tubes to transport material through the
plant.
 Vascular tissue – xylem and phloem
 Stores nutrients for later use
 Holds leaves and flowers in the best position to
gather sunlight and for reproduction
Stems
 2 Main types of stems
 Herbaceous – contain little or no woody tissues
and typically die each year and grow back.

Woody Stems - xylem that has died and
hardened
 Example tree trunks
Question
 Does this cactus have a woody or herbaceous stem?
Giant saguaro Carnegiea
gigantea in northern Sonora,
Mexico. The weight of this large
cactus is largely due to water
storage tissue in the stems.
A dead saguaro showing the
woody (lignified) vascular strands
that provide support for the
massive stems.
Stem Adaptations
Tendrils
Runner
Leaf Characteristics
 Capture the sun’s energy
 Site of photosynthesis (although some stems
also conduct photosynthesis)
 Gas Exchange
 Take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen
 Release excess water as a vapor
 called transpiration
 Smallest grow near the top and largest grow near
the ground.
Photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis
Knowledge
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Photosynthesis
Which organelle does
photosynthesis take place
in?
Chloroplast
Transpiration
 How does the water in the ground get to the tip
toppity tip of a tree?
Water loss by evaporation in leaves.
Remember the Water Cycle…
Transpiration
 Properties of water help transpiration.
 Cohesion and Adhesion
 Polarity
Hey…
What’s that Bubble
thing called in a
graduated cylinder?
Capillary action!
O..
A meniscus
Leaves a Closer Look
Find the stomata
And Guard Cells
Guard Cells- specialized
cells on the underside of
the leaf that control gas
exchange.
Epidermis •skin of the leaf
•single layer of cells
•protects leaf from
loss of too much
moisture
Stomata – allows the
leave to breath and
transpire. Also give off
moisture.
Adaptations in Leaves
 Succulents
 Fly Trap
 Needles
 Water Lilly
 Spines
What do plants need to survive?
 Sun Light
 Water & Minerals
 Gas exchange
 Movement of water and nutrients