Transcript Plant Processes

Plants
•Question: How
are plants
different from
animals?
Plants
• Question: What is a
producer?
• A producer is an organism
that makes its own food.
• Give some examples of
producers.
Video: Nature’s Producers 1:34, Alive With Energy
5:56(As time permits)
Pair Share
• Write down your ideas on
the left side of your science
notebook; ideas about how
plants make their own food.
• Share some of your ideas
with the class.
Essential Questions
1. What is Photosynthesis?
1. Photo: Light
2. Synthesis: Making something
2. Where does
photosynthesis occur?
Plant Processes
•Explore
•
Video: The Process of Photosynthesis: Oxygen and Green Plants. 4:08
• Take notes during this video. Look
again at the Essential Questions.
• Pair Share: Summarize the
information presented in the video to
your partner. Propose initial answers
to the two questions during pair
share.
Pair Share
• Video: Photosynthesis 3:36
• Pair Reading: Why Do Plants Need
Sunlight?
Pair Share
•
Answer following questions on the left side of your
notebook.
1. Where do plants get their energy?
2. What substance converts energy from the Sun
to a form of sugar?
3. What is the name of this process?
4. What is glucose?
5. What basic things are needed for
photosynthesis?
6. Why do leaves change color in the fall?
Plant Processes
• Question: What is the purpose
of photosynthesis in a plant?
• To create glucose.
• Question: What is glucose?
• A sugar utilized for energy.
Plant Processes
• Question: What process produces
virtually all of the world’s oxygen?
–Photosynthesis
• Question: Where does most of
the material making up wood in a
tree come from or an apple?
–Carbon dioxide
Plant Processes
• Question: How do plants make
their own food?
– Plants take in
raw materials of
water, carbon
dioxide, and
inorganic chemicals in
the soil.
–Water is taken
in through the
roots into the root
cells then up through
the plant.
Plant Processes
• We now know that plants
require water and carbon
dioxide for photosynthesis,
but what else is required?
•Sunlight
Plant Processes
–Carbon dioxide enters
through leaves and oxygen
and water exit through
leaves as waste products.
•Leaves act like our lungs.
•
Video: MSB: How a Plant Gets Air 2:14
Plant Processes
• Chloroplasts: Small green cell
structures within a leaf.
•
Video: Chloroplasts 1:29
Take notes during video.
Chloroplasts Video
•
Pair Share Questions: Answer on the left
side of your notebook.
1. What might be the origin of chloroplasts?
1. Why do you think this might have
occurred?
2. What is a symbiotic relationship?
1. What advantage does each organism
gain?
3. Can you give any other examples of
symbiotic relationships.
Plant Processes
• Chlorophyll: Green pigment in the
chloroplasts.
Plant Processes
• Photosynthesis: Process during
which a plant’s chlorophyll traps light
energy and sugars are produced.
Plant Processes
• Photosynthesis: Besides light, plants
also need carbon dioxide and water.
• Below is the equation that you must know
for this class and future classes.
Plant Processes
• The sugar produced
(Glucose) is the basis for a
plants structure.
• The products of
photosynthesis are used for
plant growth.
• Cellulose is made from glucose.
•
Video: MSB How a Plant Makes Food 3:51
Plant Processes
•
•
Question: Why is photosynthesis so important?
Pair share time: In 3 minutes write two reasons
why photosynthesis is important.
1. Provides food to nearly all the organisms
on Earth.
2. Removes carbon dioxide from the air and
adds oxygen to it.
• 90% of all the oxygen is a result of
photosynthesis.
•
Video: Photosynthesis 13:27 Brain Pop: Photosynthesis, Photosynthesis
Quiz
Cellular Respiration
• Question: Does anyone know cellular
respiration is?
• What is the difference between
“respiration” and cellular respiration?
– Breathing is external respiration. Cellular
respiration is internal respiration.
– Breathing is the exchange of gases between
the body and outside the body. You bring
oxygen in and push carbon dioxide out.
Cellular Respiration
• Cellular respiration in animals is the exchange of
gases between body cells and capillaries.
• Cellular respiration for
plants is process by which
energy stored in sugars is
turned into energy that can
be used for life processes.
Plant Processes
• Respiration: A series of chemical
reactions that breaks down food molecules
and releases energy.
Cellular Respiration
• In photosynthesis plants
store energy.
• In respiration plants
release energy from that
storage to use.
Plant Processes
• Aerobic Respiration: Uses oxygen
to break down food chemically.
• Food contains energy, however, it is in a
form that can not be used by cells.
• Respiration changes food energy into a
form all cells can use.
• This energy drives the life processes of
almost all organisms on Earth.
•
Video: Cellular Respiration 3:16
•
If additional time; Blue workbook 132-134
MythBusters: Botanical Growth:
Talking to Plants
•
Take notes during the video to answer the following
questions on the left side of your notebook.
1. Consider the pseudoscientific idea
that it is possible to nurture plants
with soothing words.
2. Critique the MythBusters
investigation.
1. Record what science investigative
skills the MythBusters use or don’t
use.
Cellular Respiration Response
• On a sheet of paper complete the following.
• Place the terms below into a word equation for
the chemical process for cellular respiration.
Identify the important elements and whether
there is a gain or loss of atoms during the
process.
• Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Water, Glucose
(C6H12O6), and Energy
• See second page.
Cellular Respiration Response
1. Why is cellular respiration
important?
2. Where does cellular respiration
take place?
3. What are the reactants and
products of cellular respiration?
See answers on next page.
Cellular Respiration Response
1. During cellular respiration, a cell obtains
energy from glucose and oxygen. The
cell then uses this energy to carry out life
processes.
2. Cellular respiration takes place inside of
a cell. Oxygen and nutrients enter the
cell through the cell membrane, and a
chemical reaction takes place. Then, the
products of the reaction are released
from the cell.
Cellular Respiration Response
3. Oxygen enters a cell and reacts with
glucose in the cell. These are the
reactants of cellular respiration. When
glucose is broken down, it releases
energy. Carbon dioxide and water are also
produced. So, energy, carbon dioxide, and
water are the products of cellular
respiration.
Cellular Respiration Response
“It’s Alive”
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Pair share: Read and answer the following
questions.
What makes bread rise?
What could cause the _______ process to not
occur?
Cells need what to survive?
Yeasts give off what gas to make bread rise?
Pasteur created what process to kill harmful
bacteria?
Pasteur’s work led to what medical procedure
to reduce infection in operations.
Photosynthesis
•
Take out a piece of paper. Put your name on it.
1. What special structures within a plant cell help
in the process of photosynthesis?
2. What energy conversion occurs in
photosynthesis?
3. Use the following words to write an equation
for the chemical equation for photosynthesis:
water, light energy, glucose, carbon dioxide,
oxygen.
•
Video: The Cycle Series: The Oxygen Story 15:02
Plant Responses
• All living organisms including plants
respond to stimuli.
– If you are frightened by something you might
jump and your heart would beat faster.
– Get out a piece of paper
because we are going to
have a test over the entire
year right now.
Plant Responses
• Plants respond to external stimuli such as
touch, light, and gravity.
• Some responses are quick, such as the
Venus’-fly trap. Other responses are
slower as they involve changes in growth.
Plant Responses
• Tropism: Movement caused by a
change in growth and can be positive or
negative.
1. Touch: Question:
– How does the pea
plant respond to
touch?
–
Pea touches a solid object, it
responds by growing faster on one
side causing it to bend and twist
around any object it touches.
Plant Responses
• Tropisms:
2. Light: Plant responds to light causing the
cells on the side of plant opposite the
light to get longer than the cells facing
the light.
Therefore the plants bends toward the
light.
Plant Responses
• Tropism
3. Gravity: The downward growth of
plant roots is a response to gravity
Plant Responses
• Plant Hormones. Control the changes
in growth that result from tropisms.
– Ethylene: Hormone produced by plants as a
gas that stimulates the ripening process.
• Commercially fruits are often picked green and
then exposed to ethylene to cause ripening during
shipping.
Plant Responses
• Plant Hormones: There are several types
of hormones that control plant growth,
response to temperature, prevent loss of
water.
• Question: Review; What part of the leaf
must close to prevent water loss?
Plant Responses
• Photoperiodism: Plants response to
the number of hours of daylight and
darkness.
• Changes in lengths of daylight and
darkness affect plant growth.
• Many plants require a specific length of
darkness to begin the flowering process.
Plant Responses
• Plants are specific to the amount of
darkness required for them to flower.
• Question: Why do we observe plants
flowering at different times of the year?
Plant Responses
• Long-day plants: Require less than 10 to
12 hours of darkness to flower.
• Short-day plants: Require 12 or more
hours of darkness to flower.
Plant Responses
• Question: If you wanted to put in a plant
that flowered in the fall, what type of plant
would you use, a long-day or short-day?
– Short-day
• Question: What type of plant would you
use during the summer for flowers?
– Long-day
Plant Responses
• Question: Is photoperiodism important to
farmers?
• Why
– Some soybeans will flower with 9.5 hours of
darkness but will not flower with 10 hours of
darkness. Why is this important to a farmer?
• The farmer must match the variety of soybeans
with a photoperiod that matches the hours of
darkness in the section of country where they plant
the crop. Temperature and growing conditions are
not the only important factors.