Transcript Slide 1

The Cell as a Factory
7.3 Basic Cell Structures & What They Do
Drill
December 4, 2008
The CEO of a large corporation
has hired you to manage one of
the company factories. Decide
what things must be included in
this factory in order for it to
efficiently operate and
manufacture a product.
Rolf Eckrodt – President and CEO of
Mitsubishi Motors
Work with a partner to make a list of items in your
notebook of things that you would include.
Objectives:
At the conclusion of this three day lesson
you will be able to:
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Explain why a cell is like a tiny factory.
List, label, and describe the functions of the
parts of a typical eukaryotic animal cell.
Explain how a cell conducts all the processes
of living things, just on a smaller scale.
A Virtual Factory Tour
First, your factory needs a building.
What kind of building
should you have?
Will all factory buildings
be the same?
What features should
your building have?
•Windows?
•Doors?
•Loading dock?
•Security?
Copyright 2002 JTC Corporation
This Building Needs Structure
Your factory has supports and internal
framework that gives the building shape.
Kam Kiu factory photos
Controlling the Factory
Next, you need a
control center to
organize what
happens at your
factory.
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Where should the
control center be
located?
What things might be
inside the control
center?
Asia Pulp & Paper Co. Ltd. Control Room Copyright
2004 SPG Media Limited a subsidiary of SPG Media
Group PLC
What Are You Going to Make?
Your factory makes a
product. In order to
know how to make
this product a set of
blueprints are used.
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Why do you need to
use blueprints?
What kind of
information can be
found in blueprints?
Blueprint rolls
©Copyright 1996 City of
Simi Valley. ISS Hidalgo
blueprints Copyright
©1977-2004 Far Future
Enterprises.
You Need POWER!
Every factory needs a
power plant that
generates the energy
needed to run the
machinery.
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Where might a factory
get power?
Why is it helpful for
each factory to have
its own power plant
nearby?
What Are You Working With?
Every product is made from raw materials.
Manufacturing Your Product
Workers operate
machines that
assemble your
product.
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© Elkhorn Everbrite Corporation
Why would a factory
need many machines
and workers?
Does each machine
make the entire
product or just a small
part?
Putting the Pieces Together
National Automobile Dealers
Association
Factories have
assembly lines
where machines or
workers put
together the parts
of a product.
Some assembly
lines transport
products. Some
package products.
© Elkhorn Everbrite Corporation
Getting The Product Right
Before they can be
shipped, products
must be sorted
modified, packaged,
and distributed
properly.
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Why are these jobs
important to our
factory?
What might happen if
these jobs were done
incorrectly?
packaging machine - © 1999-2004 Packexpo.com All rights reserved.
Boxes © Chriscott Supply Co. Warehouse © WSL Corporation
Packing
Products must be packed in a box or
container before they are shipped.
Shipping
Products must be shipped from your
factory to their destination.
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Where might
your products be
shipped?
How might your
products be
shipped?
Waste Disposal
Excess materials or
damaged products
must be discarded
into the waste
disposal.
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© Tom Mathews
What would happen if
waste materials were
allowed to build up and
sit around the factory?
What You Need To Run A Factory
building
supports/ internal framework
control center
blueprints
power plant
raw materials
machines/ workers
assembly line
packing centers
packing/ boxes
trucks/ shipping vehicles
waste disposal
HOMEWORK
Draw a floorplan/ layout of your factory.
Include all of the essential items discussed
today in class from the list “What You
Need To Run A Factory.”
Be creative, but accurate.
Use the entire 8 ½ x 11” piece of paper.
Guidelines are in your homework packet.
Drill
December 9, 2008
Take out the floor plan of
your factory.
Compare it with another
student.
Make sure that you have
included all items from the
list at the right.
building
supports/ internal
framework
control center
blueprints
power plant
raw materials
machines/ workers
assembly line
packing centers
packing/ boxes
trucks/ shipping vehicles
waste disposal
A Typical Animal Cell
Plasma Membrane
“Building”
It is a thin layer of lipid and protein that
separates the cell’s contents from its
environment.
Allows nutrients to enter and wastes and
other materials to leave the cell
No. You’re a
virus!
All cells have one.
Hey! Let me in!
Cytoskeleton
“supports & internal framework”
A network of protein fibers (microfilaments) and
tubes (microtubules) extending throughout the cell.
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Provides a framework for the cell.
Helps transport materials.
Anchors the organelles.
Functions in cell movement.
© Glencoe Biology 2007
Nucleus
“control center”
© Glencoe Biology 2007
Controls the cell’s actions
Contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA).
Surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear
envelope.
Has a dense region called the nucleolus where
ribosomes are formed.
Chromatin
“blueprints”
Located in the nucleus
Composed of nucleic acids
(DNA)
Condenses into
chromosomes during cell
division
Chromosomes during early cell
division – 10,000x
Mitochondria
“power plant”
Change energy stored in food compounds
(mostly sugars) into a form useful for the cell.
Cytoplasm
contains the “raw materials”
semi-fluid material inside the plasma membrane
composed of water and organic compounds.
site of all cellular chemical processes in
prokaryotes
Ribosomes
“machines/ workers”
Organelles that manufacture proteins
Composed of RNA and protein
Not bound by a membrane.
Some float free in the cytoplasm while others are
attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Electron Micrograph of
ribosomes. The ribosomes
operate in chains when
translating a mRNA.
Copyright © Daniel Kunkel
Endoplasmic Reticulum
“assembly line”
Membrane system of folded sacs and interconnected
channels that produces materials for the cell.
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Two types:
© Glencoe Biology 2007
Rough ER – has ribosomes attached; makes proteins
Smooth ER – no ribosomes; makes lipids and removes waste
materials
Golgi Apparatus
“packing center”
© Glencoe Biology 2007
A series of flat, membrane-bound sacs that
sorts, modifies, packages, and distributes
molecules into sacs called vesicles.
Vesicles
“packing/ boxes”
A small membrane bound sac that transports
materials throughout the cell
It can be created by the endoplasmic reticulum
or the Golgi apparatus.
Lysosomes
“waste disposal”
© Glencoe Biology 2007
Special vesicles that contain powerful digestive
enzymes that can break down large molecules
and old organelles.
HOMEWORK
Obtain a sheet of cell parts and organelles.
Decide which cell part performs a similar task as
each part of your factory.
When you have made your decisions, cut out the
cell parts and attach them to your floor plan over
the factory part that performs a similar task.
When you have finished you will have created a
model of a typical eukaryotic animal cell.
A comparison of
animal, plant, and
prokaryotic cells.
© Glencoe Biology 2007
Drill
December 15, 2006
Answer the following five questions:
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The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid
__________.
A phospholipid molecule has a _______ head and a
_____________ tail.
If you are using a microscope with a 10x objective
and a 10x eyepiece, what is the total magnification of
this microscope?
What are the three parts of the cell theory?
________ was the first person to use the word “cell”
to describe the tiny boxes he saw in cork.
Drill
December 16, 2006
Answer the following questions:
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What organelle makes proteins?
What organelle packages proteins?
Proteins in the cell are packaged in small
membrane-bound compartments called
_________.
What organelle breaks down wastes, foreign
particles and old organelles?
Selective Permeability
A membrane allows some substances to
pass through while keeping others out.
© Glencoe Biology 2007
Structure of the Plasma Membrane
Composed of a phospholipid bilayer
Arrangement of phospholipid bilayer:
hydrophilic (polar) heads on the outside
hydrophobic (nonpolar) tails on the inside.
© Glencoe Biology 2007
Components of the Plasma Membrane
Proteins imbedded in membrane.
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Transmit signals to the inside of the cell.
Anchor the membrane to the internal support structure.
Transport proteins for tunnels for substances to enter and leave
the cell.
Cholesterol prevents fatty acid
tails from sticking together.
Carbohydrates attach to the
proteins.
 Define the cell’s characteristics.
 Identify chemical signals.
Fluid Mosaic Model
© Glencoe Biology 2007