Transcript Plant Tissue Culture - SHINNING PEARLS | "live with aim

Plant Tissue Culture
Definition:
The term plant tissue culture is described
in vitro and aseptic cultivation of any plant
part on nutrient medium.
Fundamental principles:
There are three fundamental principles
(1) The plant part must be isolated from
the rest of plant body.
(2) The plant part (ex plant; isolate cell that
is not infected) must be in a controlled ,
preferably defined , nutrient medium.
(3) Aseptic condition must be maintained.
Types of plant cultures:
(1) Callus Culture.
(2) Cell Suspension Culture.
(3) Anther Culture.
(4) Ovule Culture.
(5) Embryo Culture.
(6) Protoplast Culture.
(7) Micro Propagation.
History:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
HABERLANDT.
WHITE.
NOBECOURT.
VAN OVERBEEK.
SKOOG.
BRAUN.
STEWARD.
MURI.
(1) Callus Culture technique
When an excised and isolated piece of
tissue is cultured on a nutrient medium, an
unorganized mass of cell appears, is
called callus. This callus is transferred on
to different media to regenerate plants.
this technique is called tissue culture.
Plant tissue culture
(2) Cell Suspension Culture
It is the culture of isolated cells or very
small cell aggregates dispersed in liquid
medium. The cell suspension is obtained
by agitating pieces of callus in liquid
medium on gyrating shaker.
(3) Anther Culture
Anther culture is a mean to produce plants
with a gametic number of chromosomes
by aseptic culture of anther. The technique
give rise to haploid plants either directly or
through formation of a haploid callus.
(4) Ovule Culture
Ovule culture techniques is an important
technique in modern plant breeding. it is
much easier to culture whole ovule than to
isolate a single embryo, especially in small
seeded plants.
E.g., tobacco
(5) Embryo Culture
The embryos are isolated from young
seeds and placed on a solid medium
containing nutrients and vitamins.
Embryos are cultured at 25°c,first in dark
until seedlings are about 2 cm long and
root formation has started, and than in
light until the seedlings can be planted in
soil.
(6) Protoplast Culture
It is one of the most significant and recent
developments in the field of plant tissue
culture. the protoplast are usually isolated
from cultured cell or leaf mesophyll cell by
treating them with enzyme solutions. the
isolated protoplast may be used to
regenerate the plants directly, or for the
production of somatic hybrids through
fusion.
(7) Micro Propagation
It is in vitro asexual propagation of crop
plants. This technique is advantages over
the conventional practice of asexual
propagation as only a small amount of
plant is needed, species highly resistant to
conventional bulk propagation can be
propagated by this method and it is non
season dependent. Micro propagation is
used for rapid multiplication of stocks,
elimination of diseases, germ plasm
preservation, and induction of mutation.
Applications:
• Tissue culture technique has helped in studying
various biochemical and physiological processes
in pure cultures without complications of other
factors.
• The effect of various hormones are
differentiation and growth processes can be
studied by using tissue culture technique.
• Organogenesis has been studied by inducing
formation of roots , shoot tips etc from callus on
nutrient medium.