Transcript Course Power Points

BELLRINGER
• Define Morose
• Turn in homework
The Rise of the Atlantic
World
1400-1625
The Mission
Christopher Columbus
Columbus Arrives in the New World
Christopher Columbus
1.Arrived in the New World October 12, 1492
2.Landed on the island of San Salvador. The
island was called Guanahani by the Taino
Indians
3.The began the Columbian exchange: human
interaction, animals, plants, and germs.
Columbus in his own words
• Read hand out.
• Thursday October 11, from his journal: “They should be
good and intelligent servants, for I see that they say very
quickly everything that is said to them”.
• Saturday October 13: “I was attentive and labored to
find out if there was any gold.”
• Monday October 15: “Close to sundown I anchored near
the said cape in order to find out if there was gold…”
A. African and European Peoples
In Africa a market economy is beginning to emerge due to
long distance trading. In Europe, the Renaissance and
Reformation and under way.
Pre Columbian Map of the World
a. Mediterranean Crossroads
1.In the Mediterranean Sea, African, Asian and
European peoples are interacting.
2.Before the 15th Century, no trade is occurring to
the west in the Atlantic Ocean
3.Commerce closely linked to religion and politics
4.Muslims and Christians engaged in war, Crusades
by Christians, jihad by Muslims
Marco Polo
a. Mediterranean Crossroads
5.Christian monarchies of Portugal, Castile,
and Aragon undertook the “reconquest” of
the Iberian Peninsula.
6.In 1491, the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon
pushed the final Moors out of Granada.
7.Everyone left forced to convert to
Catholicism, including Jews. Such Jews
were called conversos
Iberian Penusula
b. West Africa and Its Peoples
1. During the 15th century the empire of Mali controlled
most of West Africa. Traded in salt, brass, copper, cloth,
spices, manufactured goods and Arabian horses.
2. Early in the 15th century Mali is weakened by internal
fighting, and the empire of Songhay arose. Only lasted
until the 16th century when it is absorbed by Morocco.
3. Four major kingdoms develop along the Congo River,
the strongest of which is the Kongo.
b. West Africa and Its Peoples
4.Africa’s Gold Coast gave rise to many
new states AFTER gold was made the
standard in most European currencies
5.The Portuguese develop new
navigation techniques. The search for
gold and slaves was on.
Africa in 1500’s
c. European Culture and Society
1. In the 15th century Europe undergoes a cultural revival
known as the Renaissance. It is a revival to the ideals of
ancient Greece and Rome.
2.People groped for stability by glorifying order, hierarchy,
and beauty.
3.In the 15th century, France and England unify their
kingdoms, and the Spanish monarchy is created in 1479
with a unifying of the monarchies there.
c. European Culture and Society
4. 75% of Europeans were merchants who had to pay taxes, rents,
and other dues to landlords and Catholic Church officials.
5. A “Little Ice Age” wrecks the crops creating hunger across
Europe.
6. A huge gap is being created between the wealthy and the poor.
So much so that Poor Laws are passed to whip vagrants.
7. In Italy, Italian merchants develop the motto, “In the name of
God and Profit”
d. Religious Upheavals
d. Religious Upheavals
1. The Holy Catholic Church dominates. The Papacy begin giving
“indulgences” for good works, essentially get out of hell free
cards.
2. In 1517, Martin Luther post his 99 theses and begins the
Protestant Reformation
3. Protestants believe that priest do not have any special power,
and that laypeople should take responsibility for their own
spirituality.
d. Religious Upheaval
4. Protestantism appeals to ordinary individuals, merchants and
aristocrats
5. There is a movement inside the Catholic Church to keep things
together. Loyola forms the Jesuits, they will be influential in
the New World.
6. The Council of Trent defends Catholic teachings, but does reform
the church by creating the modern Roman Catholic Church.
e. The Reformation in England, 1533-1625
1. King Henry VIII wants a divorce from his wife, he wants a male
heir. Pope says “NO”.
2. Henry, through a series of acts, dissolves his marriage, and
appoints himself head of the Church of England.
3. English monarchs go between being Catholic and Protestant.
4. During “Bloody Mary’s” reign, protestants are burned at the
stake.
5. During James I reign, Protestantism had taken hold and Puritans
were trying hard to eliminate all bishops.
e. The Reformation in England, 1533-1625
It is in this back drop that the age of exploration
would begin. The Common refrain from these
explorers would be:
“For God, Gold, and Glory”