Transcript Section 3 The Protestant Reformation

Section 3
The Protestant Reformation
Daily Objectives
• Discuss the major goal of
humanism in northern Europe,
which was to reform
Christendom.
• Explain how Martin Luther’s
religious reforms led to the
emergence of Protestantism.
I. Erasmus & Christian Humanism
• Protestant Reformation, reform
movement that divided the
Church into Catholic & Protestant
groups
• Martin Luther, German monk
who began the Reformation
movement in the 16th century
Martin
Luther
Erasmus & Christian Humanism
• Christian humanism was a
movement to reform the Catholic
Church
• Read the classics, esp. the basic
works of Christianity
• *The best known of all the Christian
humanists was Desiderius
Erasmus
Desiderius
Erasmus
Erasmus & Christian Humanism
• Erasmus humorously criticized
aspects of the Catholic Church in
his book The Praise of Folly
• Sought reform within the Catholic
Church
II. Religion on the Eve of the
Reformation
• Catholic Church was corrupt
• Popes - failed to meet the
Church’s spiritual needs
• *Salvation, acceptance into
Heaven
• *Indulgence – release from all or
part of the punishment for sin
III. Martin Luther
• *Luther came to believe that
humans are not saved through
good works but through their faith in
God
• *Luther’s ideas “justification by faith”
became the chief teachings of the
Protestant Reformation
A. The Ninety-five Theses
• The Ninety-five Theses was a list
of complaints against the Catholic
Church
• *Luther was most upset by the
widespread selling of indulgences
• *Ninety-five Theses were a
stunning attack on abuses in the
sale of indulgences
Martin Luther nails his Ninety-five
Theses to the door of the
Wittenberg Church in Germany.
*The
printing
press
allows for
Luther’s
ideas to
quickly
spread.
A. The Ninety-five Theses
• Luther keeps only two of the
seven sacraments, baptism &
communion
the Bible
excommunicated
Martin Luther
the policy of
selling
indulgences
Edict of Worms
B. A Break with the Church
• *Edict of Worms made Martin
Luther an outlaw within the Holy
Roman Empire
B. A Break with the Church
• Fredrick of
Saxony protects
Luther and sends
him into hiding
C. The Rise of Lutheranism
• Religious
service replace
Catholic mass
• Bible readings,
preaching &
songs
• *Lutheranism
was the first
Protestant faith
IV. Politics in the German
Reformation
• Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
• Bohemia, Hungary
• *The Peace of Augsburg formally
accepted the division of Christianity
in Germany
• Germany Princes can now choose
either Catholic or Lutheran
The Peace of Augsburg
Section 4
The Spread of Protestantism
& the Catholic Response
Daily Objectives
• Summarize the different forms
of Protestantism that emerged
in Europe as the Reformation
spread.
• Summarize the religious rebirth
of the Catholic Church.
I.
The Zwinglian Reformation
• Ulrich Zwingli a priest who
led a Protestant reform
movement in Zurich
Switzerland
• Introduced religious reforms,
relics and images were
abolished
I.
The Zwinglian Reformation
• New church services, reading,
prayer and sermons
• Zwingli, Later killed by his
enemies
II. Calvin & Calvinism
• John Calvin, in 1536, published
the Institutions of the Christian
Religion
• Stood very close to Luther on
most doctrine
• *Predestination, God had
determined in advance who would
be saved and who would be
damned
John Calvin
http://encarta.msn.com/find/MediaMax.
• Protestant
who fled
France to
Switzerland
II. Calvin & Calvinism
• In 1536, Calvin began working to
reform the City of Geneva
Switzerland
• The Consistory, a special body for
enforcing moral discipline was set up
to punish people for varies “crimes”
like dancing, singing obscene songs,
drunkenness, swearing and playing
cards
III. The Reformation in England
• King Henry VIII, king of
England
• Needed a male heir
• *Annul, declare invalid
• Act of Supremacy, declared
that the king was the supreme
head of the Church of England
Henry
VIII
Holbein
http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/search.cgi?author=HOLBEIN
III. The Reformation in England
• Thomas More,
Christian
humanist and
devout Catholic
who opposed
the king’s
actions and was
beheaded
III. The Reformation in England
• Henry used his new powers to
dissolve the monasteries and
sell their land and possessions
• The Church of England, is also
known as the Anglican Church
• Children – Edward VI, Mary,
Elizabeth
Catherine
of
Aragon
has one
daughter
Mary
She was the youngest surviving child of
King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen
Isabella I of Castile.
http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/katherineofaragonportrait
Anne
Boleyn
beheaded
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/9194/h8/twomain.html
Jane
Seymour
died after
childbirth
mother of
Edward
http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/search.cgi?author=HOLBEIN%2C+Hans+the+Younger
Anne of
Cleves
http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/anneofclevesportrait
Katherine
Howard
http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/katherinehowardportrait.
Katherine
Parr
1547
Edward
becomes
kingProtestants
gain power
Edward VI
died at 16
http://www.royal.gov.uk./history/tudor.htm
1553 Mary
(Bloody Mary),
a Catholic
becomes
Queen-tries
to force
return to Catholicism
http://www.royal.gov.uk./history/tudor.htm
IV. The Anabaptists
• *The Anabaptists were regarded as
dangerous radicals who threatened
the very fabric of 16th century society
• Belief in adult baptism, chose its
own minister, separation of church
and state, refused to hold public
office or bear arms
• Today’s Amish and
Menonites
http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~doron/amish.jpg
4
Church of England
Lutheran, Calvinist,
and Anabaptist
V. Effects of the Role of Women
• * Overall, the Protestant
Reformation did not change
women’s subordinate place in
society
VI. The Catholic Reformation
 1. The Jesuits, 2. reform of the
papacy, and 3. the Council of
Trent
 1. *The Society of Jesus,
known as the Jesuits, was
founded by a Spanish
noblemen, Ignatius of Loyola
VI. The Catholic Reformation
 1. Jesuits were a religious
order of the Catholic Church
 Used education to spread their
message
 Missionary work
VI. The Catholic Reformation
 2. Reform of the
Papacy
 Pope Paul III
appointed a
Reform
Commission
blamed the
Church’s
problems on the
corrupt policies of
the popes
VI. The Catholic Reformation
 *3. Council of Trent, reaffirmed
traditional Catholic teachings
in opposition to Protestant
beliefs
 Both faith & good works
needed for salvation, seven
sacraments, clerical celibacy
Council of Trent
1545-1563
VI. The Catholic Reformation
 Selling of indulgences was
forbidden