Transcript The Reformation PPT with notes

The Reformation
Change in the Catholic Church!
1.Weakening of the Catholic Church:
The Breaking of Vows
 By the 1300s, many people
felt that the church had
become corrupt.
 Some priests, monks, and
nuns broke their vows
(solemn promises to God)
not to marry or have children
 Some church leaders
behaved more like royalty
than like humble servants of
God.
2.Weakening of the Church:
Buying Indulgences
 An indulgence was a release
from punishment for sins, in
return for good works.
 The church would sell
indulgences to people to
raise money, but only rich
people were able to afford
them.
 People who received
indulgences did not have to
perform good deeds to make
up for their sins and would
spend less time in purgatory.
3.Weakening of the Church:
Conflict with Rulers
 The church became
wealthy and powerful.
 King Philip IV tried to
tax the French clergy.
When the Pope
threatened to
excommunicate him,
King Philip had soldiers
kidnap the Pope.
Although they released
him, the Pope died soon
afterward.
4.Weakening of the Church:
Two (or more!) Popes
 Pope Clement V moved headquarters from
Rome to the French city of Avignon, and the
next 6 Popes lived there.
 Pope Gregory XI moved the papacy back to
Rome in 1377. When he died, the new Pope
refused to move back to France.
 French cardinals elected a rival Pope. There
were now two Popes, and a third one was
elected by a church council. Each claimed to
be the true head of the church. This was the
case for about 30 years.
5.Early Calls for Reform
 John Wycliffe (~1330-1384):
A British scholar who
questioned the Pope’s
authority and attacked
indulgences & immoral
behavior by the clergy.
 Desiderius Erasmus (14661536): A humanist priest
from Holland who called for
reform in the church. In 1509
he wrote The Praise of Folly
which called for a return to
simple Christian goodness.
6.Martin Luther
 A German priest who
disagreed with many
Catholic beliefs, and
was especially outraged
by the selling of
indulgences.
 He felt that the church
was selling false
salvation to uneducated
people.
7.Martin Luther
 In response, Luther posted a list of 95 theses




(arguments) against indulgences and church abuses
on the church door in the town of Wittenberg. He also
sent the list to church leaders.
Luther argued that the Bible – not the pope or church
leaders – was the ultimate source of religious
authority.
Luther was excommunicated in 1521, but then later
started his own church called the Lutheran Church.
Many people followed him because they were also
unhappy with church practices.
He also translated the Bible into German.
This is how the Protestant Reformation began.
8.Luther’s 95 Theses
9.John Calvin (1509-1564)
 A French humanist who
started a Protestant branch
in Geneva, Switzerland.
 He believed that salvation
came only from God’s grace,
and that God knew who
would be saved even before
people were born
(predesdination).
 There was nothing people
could do to change their
destiny. For example:
success in business was a
sign of God’s grace.
 He influenced many other
reformers who came after
him.
10.The Puritans were Calvinists!
11.King Henry VIII (1491-1547)
 In 1534, King Henry VIII
formed the Church of
England (Anglican
Church) with himself as
the leader.
 He did this because the
Catholic church would
not allow him to divorce
his wife and he was
tired of paying taxes to
the church.
15.William Tyndale (~1491-1536)
 An English priest,
scholar, and writer.
 Tyndale translated the
Bible into English. His
translation was famed
for its beautiful
language and later
became known as the
King James version of
the Bible.
 Tyndale was burned at
the stake for translating
the Bible.
13.Weaknesses of the Catholic Church
Breaking of
vows by
clergy
Two popes
ruling at one
time
The selling of
Indulgences
The
Catholic
Church
Disagreements
with rulers(kings)
14. Reformation Flow Chart
Catholic Church
Catholic Church
Protestant Churches
Lutheranism
(Martin Luther
Calvinism
(John Calvin)
Anglicanism
(King Henry VIII)
Martin
Luther’s
95
Thesesstarted it
all!
15. Counter-Reformation
(Discussion, Debate, and Reform!)
 A Catholic reform movement where church leaders
worked to:




correct abuses
clarify and defend Catholic teachings
Condemn Protestant errors
Use missionaries to win back Protestants in Europe
and spread the Catholic religion to other parts of the
world
 The Council of Trent determined that faith, good
works, and the sacraments were all necessary for
salvation. The Latin Bible was still the only official
Bible.
 The church decided to no longer sell indulgences.
16.Religious Wars
 Many wars were fought in Europe during the
16th and 17th centuries.
 Civil wars in France between Catholics and
Protestants left over a million people dead.
 The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) in
Germany was the last major war of the
Reformation. The result was that European
rulers could decide for themselves whether
their countries would be Catholic or
Protestant
 Much of Northern Europe became Protestant
17.Christian Religions in Europe,
~1600
During the late Renaissance, Roman Catholic Church
practices, such as the selling of indulgences:
1.
2.
3.
4.
A. Did not affect the
church’s influence
B. Led the wealthy and
influential to support the
church
C. Weakened the
church’s influence
D. Would be in
accordance with
sections of the Bible
According to the church, what was the connection between
purgatory and indulgences?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A. Buying indulgences
reduced the time spent
in purgatory
B. Buying indulgences
increased the time
spent in purgatory
C. People in purgatory
bought indulgences
D. The pope could buy
indulgences to reduce
time in purgatory
What was the main goal of Catholic missionaries after the
Reformation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A. To get rid of
protestants in China
and India
B. To train native
people as soldiers
C. To teach both girls
and boys
D. To convert people
around the world to
Catholicism
Which of Martin Luther’s ideas did the Catholic Church
include in its reforms?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A. People should not do
charity work the church
B. People should not
give money the poor or
ill
C. The church should
not sell indulgences
D. Priests should not be
involved in government
or charity
Martin Luther challenged the traditional structure of the
Catholic Church by arguing that
1.
2.
3.
4.
A. People did not need
to follow the bible
B. The spiritually wise
should be treated
differently than people
who couldn’t read
C. The church leaders
should be governors
D. People did not need
priests to interpret the
Bible for themselves
Who wanted to translate the B ible into English?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A. King Henry VIII
B. William Tyndale
C. John Calvin
D. Desiderius Erasmus