Transcript The Counter-Reformation: The Catholic Church Strikes Back!

The Counter-Reformation:
The Catholic Church Strikes Back!
This will not be
the last you
see of me!
SWBAT explain how the
Catholic Church
responded to the
Protestant Reformation
with the
Counter-Reformation.
Friday classwork: Use this packet to help you complete the invitations on page 24
of your Renaissance, Reformation, Revolution packet
Weekend homework: Use this packet to help you RSVP to the invitations on page
24 of your R3 packet… see directions on page 24 of your R3 packet for directions
Counter: To go against
The Counter- Reformation went against the
Protestant Reformation!
Pope Paul III
We must change
ourselves, or else it will
be the end of
Catholicism!
• As Protestantism spread, the Catholic
Church had to reform itself!
• Three goals:
– Clarify teachings
– Correct abuses
– Win people back to Catholicism
• Three strategies:
– The Council of Trent
– Jesuit Schools & Missions
– The Roman Inquisition
Pretend you are…
…a member of the Catholic Church.
You have been invited to the Council of Trent!
Will you accept the invitation?
ALL CATHOLICS ARE INVITED
TO THE COUNCIL OF TRENT!
Do you like
talking?
Do you like
sitting?
I hope so… because you will do this
for 18 years if you come to the
Council of Trent!
A major part of the Counter-Reformation was the Council of Trent. The council
was a meeting of church leaders that began in Trent, Italy in 1545. Pope Paul III
summoned the council to combat corruption in the church and to fight Protestantism.
The council continued its work in more than 20 sessions over the next 18 years.
In response to Protestant ideas, the council gave a more precise statement of
Catholic teachers. It rejected John Calvin’s idea of predestination, declaring that
individuals do have a role to play in deciding the fate of their souls. The council agreed
with the Protestants that faith was important and salvation was God’s gift. But it
rejected salvation by faith alone. The council insisted that faith, good works, and the
sacraments were all necessary for salvation. It reaffirmed Catholic belief in seven
sacraments. The council also acknowledged the importance of the Bible. It insisted,
however, on the church’s authority to interpret the Bible. It said that the Latin Bible
was the only official scripture.
Besides stating Catholic teachings, the council took action to make needed
changes in the church. It required better education and training of church leaders. It
called for priests and bishops to spend more time preaching. It corrected many of the
abuses involving money and church offices. And it set down rules for church services so
that they would be more alike everywhere.
The Council of Trent went a long way toward achieving the goals of Pope Paul III.
The council’s work brought a higher standard of morality to the church’s leadership. Its
statements of Catholic belief and practices helped unify the church. The reformed
church was better able to compete with Protestantism for the loyalties of Christians.
Pretend you are…
…a native of the Americas.
You have been invited to the Jesuit mission!
Will you accept the invitation?
ALL NATIVE AMERICANS ARE INVITED
TO THE JESUIT MISSION!
Tired of praying to the rain god?
Follow Christ instead!
Bonus:
The missionary may
even give you a
free
music lesson!
Pope Paul III
St. Ignatius of
Loyola
FUN FACT: Loyola
Marymount University
was named after St.
Ignatius of Loyola.
That’s also why LMU’s
mascot was named
Iggy!
The spirit of reform brought new life to
the Catholic Church. Many groups helped
to spread its reformed message. The most
important of these groups was the Society
of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits.
The Jesuits were founded by Ignatius
of Loyola, a Spanish nobleman. As a young
soldier, Ignatius had his leg shattered by a
cannonball in a battle. While he was
recovering, he read about the lives of
saints. He vowed to become “a soldier for
Jesus.”
After years of study, Ignatius started
the group that became the Jesuits. The
Jesuits were dedicated missionaries. They
worked to spread Catholicism in Africa,
Asia, and the Americas.
Pretend you are…
…a follower of Martin Luther.
You have been invited to the Roman Inquisition!
Will you accept the invitation?
There will be a “bonfire”!
We will burn any books
with heretical beliefs!
ALL PROTESTANTS ARE INVITED
TO THE ROMAN INQUISITION!
We’ll play
“musical
chairs!”
Heretics,
take a seat!
We’ll
play “pin
the saw
on the
heretic!”
The Catholic Catholic Church also fought the spread of Protestantism by
condemning beliefs that it considered to be errors and dealing harshly with
those it labeled heretics. It looked to Catholic rulers to support its efforts and
to win back lands lost to Protestantism.
To deal with heresies during the Middle Ages, the church had established
the Inquisition. This body was made up of churchmen called inquisitors who
sought out and tried heretics. Inquisitors could order various punishments,
including fines and imprisonment. Sometimes they turned to civil rulers to
put heretics to death.
After the Reconquista, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain used
the Spanish Inquisition to target Jews and Muslims. With the start of the
Protestant Reformation, the Spanish Inquisition also fought against the
spread of Protestantism. In Rome, the pope also established a new
Inquisition. The Roman Inquisition sought out and condemned people,
including churchmen, whose views were considered dangerous. The church
also published a list of books that it said offended Catholic faith or morals.
Catholic were forbidden to read any of the books on the list.
Come to the Council of Trent!
• Who is hosting? Pope Paul III, leader of the Catholic
Church
• Who is invited? Leaders of the Catholic Church
• What will happen? Leaders will discuss how to improve
the Catholic Church.
• When will it happen? 1545 – 1563 (18 years with 20
sessions)
• Where will it happen? Trent, Italy
• Why will it happen? The Catholic Church needs to fix itself
so that it can gain back members.
Homework: If I were a leader of the Catholic Church, I would / would not want to
attend the Council of Trent for several reasons.
Come to a Jesuit Mission!
• Who is hosting? St. Ignatius of Loyola, leader of the Jesuits
• Who is invited? Native people from the Americas, Africa,
and Asia
• What will happen? Missionaries will teach people about
the Catholic faith.
• When will it happen? After 1540, when the Pope
recognized the Jesuits
• Where will it happen? the Americas, Africa, and Asia
• Why will it happen? The Catholic Church will attract new
members on other continents.
If I were a native person of the Americas, I would / would not want to go to a Jesuit
mission because...
The Roman Inquisition
• Who is hosting? The Catholic Church
• Who is invited? Protestants
• What will happen? The Catholic Church will torture
Protestants who spread their beliefs and ban books that
go against the Catholic Church.
• When will it happen? After the Protestant Reformation
• Where will it happen? Rome, Italy
• Why will it happen? The Catholic Church must fight
Protestants who threaten the Catholic Church.
If I were a Protestant, I would / would not want to go to the Roman Inquisition
because...
HW Model Answers
• If I were a leader of the Catholic Church, I would want to
attend the Council of Trent because I would be able to help
make the Catholic Church better. I would be able to fix
corruption in the church. For example, I would ban the selling
of indulgences.
• If I were Roman Catholic, I would NOT want to attend the
Council of Trent because the meeting would last too long. 18
years is a long time to discuss making the Catholic Church
better. I could’ve solved the Catholic Church’s problems in 18
seconds.
HW Model Answers
• If I were a native of the Americas, I would want to go to a
Jesuit mission because I would be able to learn about the
Catholic Church. If I became a Christian, I would be able to
gain salvation. I would be able to go to heaven.
• If I were a native of the Americas, I would NOT want to go to a
Jesuit mission because I would want to keep my own religion.
What makes Christianity any better than the religion I already
have? I enjoy praying to the chocolate god.
HW Model Answer
• If I were a Protestant, I would NOT want to go to the Roman
Inquisition because the Catholic Church would accuse me of
heresy. The Catholic Church would then torture me to get
more information about the Protestant movement. The
Catholic Church will take away my Protestant books and burn
them!