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Europe in the Middle Ages
Section 2: The Church and the Rise of Cities
The Church in the Middle Ages
The Catholic Church, led by the pope, held great power during the Middle Ages. It gained wealth
through taxes, and it exerted influence through the threat of excommunication. Some men and
women lived in religious communities. Some Christian scholars adopted scholasticism, or the use
of reason to support Church beliefs.
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Europe in the Middle Ages
Section 2: The Church and the Rise of Cities
Trade Revives and Towns Grow
Around 1100, when the threat of attacks diminished, trade revived and towns grew up around
markets.
MapMaster: Trade Centers in Europe
Life in Towns and Cities
By 1300, some towns were turning into cities, such as Paris. Overcrowding and a lack of
sanitation led to the spread of diseases. A growing middle class was made up of merchants,
traders, and artisans. Guilds protected these tradespeople.
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Europe in the Middle Ages
Section 2: The Church and the Rise of Cities
Medieval Culture
Schools grew up around cathedrals and attracted scholars. The Church also supported the arts.
Traveling poets and musicians performed pieces about chivalry.
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Europe in the Middle Ages: Section 2
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