Transcript Glaucomax
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma Chrissy Truchok Overview • Glaucoma ▫ One of the most common causes of blindness in United States ▫ Damage occurs to optic nerve causing vision loss and blindness ▫ Most common types are Open-Angle and ClosedAngle Glaucoma (Angle-Closure, 2015) Clinical Manifestations • Closed-Angle Glaucoma ▫ Medical Emergency ▫ Fluid in the eye is unable to empty through its usual pathways Pressure builds up damaging the optic nerve Pathogenesis • Fluid found in the eye is called aqueous humor ▫ Helps to maintain normal eye pressure Normal eye pressure is 12-22 mm Hg (Angle-Closure, 2015) • When something begins to obstruct the drainage canals, aqueous humor builds up and will lead to an increase in intraocular pressure (Primary Angle, 2001) •In many cases, the iris becomes bunched up over the drainage canals, causing the backup (Glaucoma, 2015) Causes • One of the greatest causes of acute-angle closure is a sudden dilation of the pupils ▫ Medications causing the pupils to dilate suddenly ▫ Entering a dark room Symptoms • Sudden onset of: ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ Severe headache Eye pain Blurred vision Eye redness Halos or rainbows around lights Upon Presentation… • Ask patient about family glaucoma history • Obtain current medication list (Primary Angle, 2001) Diagnosis • Tonometry Test ▫ Used to measure intra ocular pressure (Five Common, n.d.) Diagnosis • Perimetry Test ▫ Used to test peripheral vision (Shah, Bowd, Weinreb & Sample, 2006) Diagnosis • Gonioscopy ▫ Measures angle where iris meets the cornea (Shah, Bowd, Weinreb & Sample, 2006) Differential Diagnosis • Optic Neuritis ▫ Patient will also experience color vision loss and flashing lights • Cataracts ▫ Patients experience more of a gradual vision loss • Main determining factor for both of these diseases is that the IOP will not be elevated! Treatment • Lower intra ocular pressure immediately ▫ Eye drops ▫ Surgery (Primary Angle, 2001) Outcomes • Vision loss can be prevented • Encourage yearly appointments References • • • • • Angle- Closure Glaucoma. (2015). Retrieved January 28, 2016, from http://www.glaucoma.org/glaucoma/angleclosure-glaucoma.php Glaucoma. (2015). Retrieved February 1, 2016, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/glaucoma/basics/definition/con-20024042 Five Common Glaucoma Tests. (n.d.). Retrieved January 28, 2016, from https://hooptometrist.wordpress.com/tag/glaucoma/ Primary Angle- Closure Glaucoma. (2001). Retrieved February 1, 2016, from http://www.aoa.org/documents/optometrists/CPG-5.pdf Shah, N. N., MD, Bowd, C., PhD, Weinreb, R. N., MD, & Sample, P. A., PhD. (2006). Combining Structural and Functional Testing for Detection of Glaucoma. Opthamology. Retrieved February 1, 2016, from http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/science/article/pii/S0161642006008384