Transcript Chapter ONE of Mythology classnotes

Edith Hamilton Mythology
Chapter ONE
Objectives
• Students will identify characters through their
distinguishing traits.
• Students will recognize the chief Olympian
gods and goddesses and their functions.
• Students will identify and discuss the lesser
Greek and Roman gods and goddesses.
• Students will comment on two great gods of
Earth: Dionysus and Demeter.
Agenda
• Bell ringer (Partners-matching game)
• Power-point (add/check traits for the
Olympian gods)
• Gallery of the Gods (12 mins.)
• Notes on mythological creatures
• Collection of the crossword puzzle for a
homework grade.
Bell ringer INTRO.
• Greek art and literature greatly influenced
Roman culture and, as a result, the Olympian
gods merged with the Roman deities.
With a few exceptions, like Apollo and
Pluto, the Greek gods were given Roman
names.
While the gods’ names were different, the
duties and relationships were similar to their
Greek counterparts.
Bell ringer
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1. Artemis
2. Hera
3. Ares
4. Zeus
5. Hades
6. Athena
7. Aphrodite
8. Demeter
9. Poseidon
10. Hermes
11. Dionysus
A. Pluto
B. Jupiter
C. Bacchus
D. Juno
E. Mercury
F. Neptune
G. Mars
H. Diana
I. Minerva
J. Venus
K. Ceres
How well did you do?
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1. H
2. D
3. G
4. B
5. A
6. I
7. J
8. K
9. F
10. E
11. C
Artemis = Diana
Hera = Juno
Ares = Mars
Zeus = Jupiter/Jove
Hades = Pluto
Athena = Minerva
Aphrodite = Venus
Demeter = Ceres
Poseidon = Neptune
Hermes = Mercury
Dionysus = Bacchus
Best-Known writers of Greek and
Roman mythology
• Ovid-responsible for telling almost all of the
mythological stories at great length; “a
compendium of mythology”
• Homer-writer of the Iliad and the Odyssey,
the oldest of Greek writings
“The best guides to a knowledge of Greek mythology are the Greek writers, who believed in what they wrote.”
Zeus (Jupiter)
• Lord of the Sky; he falls in love many times.
• His power is greater than all the gods
combined.
Hera (Juno)
• Wife of Zeus; her job is to protect marriage.
• She often punishes Zeus and his female
lovers.
Poseidon (Neptune)
• God of the Sea; he is second in power to Zeus.
• He provides humans with the use of the
horse.
Hades (Pluto)
• Ruler of the underworld; he marries
Persephone.
• The kingdom of the dead carries his name,
Hades.
Athena (Minerva)
• The daughter of Zeus; she is Goddess of the
City, Goddess of the strategy of war/wisdom.
• Her job is to defend the city against any
enemies. (Athens was named after her.)
Phoebus Apollo (Apollo)
• The god of light and truth and the healing
arts.
Artemis (Diana)
• Apollo’s twin sister; she protects the young.
• She is also the Goddess of the Hunt.
Aphrodite (Venus)
• The Goddess of Beauty and Love; she is
usually surrounded by beautiful things.
• She can entice men with her beauty.
Hermes (Mercury)
• The messenger of Zeus; he is graceful and
swift.
• He appears in more myths than any other god.
Ares (Mars)
• The God of War; he is found in many myths.
• He is associated with fighting and destruction.
Hephaestus (Vulcan)
• The God of Fire and Artisans; he is ugly and
crippled.
• He is the most peace-loving and kind of the
gods.
Hestia (Vesta)
• The sister of Zeus; she is not found in many
myths.
• She takes care of the gods’ home.
Lesser Gods of Olympus
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Eros (Cupid) the God of Love
Hebe- the Goddess of Youth
Iris- the Goddess of the Rainbow
The Graces- the triple incarnation of grace and
beauty; the “queens of song”
• The Muses- the nine daughters of Zeus and
Mnemosyne (Memory) who inspire.
Gods of the Waters
• Poseidon (Neptune)- ruler of the seas
• Ocean – Lord of the river Ocean which
surrounds the Earth
• Triton – the trumpeter of the sea who uses a
large shell as his trumpet
• Proteus – son of Poseidon who can foretell
the future and change his shape
• Naiads- water nymph
Gods of the Underworld
• Charon – the person who ferries the souls of
the dead to the shores of Hades.
• Cerberus- the three-headed, dragon-tailed
dog that allows spirits to enter Hades but not
to leave
• Acheron, Cocytus, Styx- the three rivers of
Hades
• The Furies – punishers of evildoers
Gods of the Earth
• Demeter (Ceres) – associated with grain or
harvest
• Dionysus (Bacchus) – associated with wine
Mythical Creatures
• Pan (Faunus) – associated with the forest;
goat-man
• The Satyrs –
goat-men found in the
wild places of the earth
• The Centaurs – half-men, half horse; savage
beast-like creatures
Mythical Creatures
• The Nymphs – the lesser gods of nature;
nymphs of the sea, of the waters, of the
mountains, and of the trees
• The Gorgons- dragon like creatures that can
turn men to stone
• The Sirens – creatures with enchanting voices
that lure sailors to their death
Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos
• Associated with the fates: the spinner, the
disposer of lots, and the cutter of the thread
of life, respectively.
Well-known lesser Roman gods
• Saturn – the Protector of the Sowers and the
Seed
• Janus – the God with two faces in opposite
directions; namesake of the month of January.
Next Assignment:
• Read Chapter TWO (pp. 50-75)
• Your objective: visualization/characterization
• You will have a constructed response on
Demeter, the goddess of corn or Dionysus, the
god of the vine.
• Due Friday!
Which two gods are found in this
statue?