Transcript Document

The Olympians
(epithets, patronymics, euphemisms)
Zeus, Poseidon, (Hades), Hera,
Demeter, (Hestia)
Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Hermes,
Hephaestus, Ares, Aphrodite,
Dionysus
Parthenon, West Pediment
Zeus - Jupiter
HH 23 I will sing of Zeus, best among the gods and greatest, all-seeing,
the lord of all, the fulfiller who whispers words of wisdom to Themis as
she sits leaning towards him.
Be gracious, all-seeing son of Cronos, most excellent and great!
sky, “cloud-gatherer”
lightning (epiphany, kataibatês),
aegis
eagle, bull, oak
Crete, Olympia
liberator, oaths, xenia,
sexual potency, father of gods and
men
fate (moira or aisa) and judge,
justice, kings
Metis, Themis, Demeter, Memory,
dios
Poseidon - Neptune
HH 22 I begin to sing about Poseidon, great god, shaker of earth and
fruitless sea, god of the deep who is also lord of Helicon and wide Aegae.
A two-fold office the gods allotted you, O Shaker of the Earth, [5] to be a
tamer of horses and a saviour of ships!
Hail, Poseidon, earth-holder, dark-haired lord! O blessed one, be
kindly in heart and help those who voyage in ships!
potei - lord,
Pylos, Troizen,
Athens and Erechtheus, Amphitrite,
Homeric sea-god, earth shaker,
horse-tamer,
trident, Triton
Hades - Pluto
HH 2.18-19 The lord, Host of Many, with his immortal horses sprang out upon her —
the Son of Cronos, He who has many names.
83-7 Aidoneus, the Ruler of Many, is no unfitting husband among the deathless gods for
your child, [85] being your own brother and born of the same stock: also, for honor, he
has that third share which he received when division was made at the first, and is
appointed lord of those among whom he dwells. See Il. 11.89-92
invisible, a-(v)ide
host of many,
husband of Persephone,
chthonian
Elysium and Tartarus
Hera - Juno
HH 12 I sing of golden-throned Hera whom Rhea bore. queen of the immortals,
surpassing all in beauty: she is the sister and the wife of loud-thundering Zeus,
the glorious one whom all the blessed throughout high Olympus [5] revere and
honor even as they do Zeus who delights in thunder.
hora ripe for marriage?, fem. of
hero ?
Argos and Samos
cow-eyed, peacock
sacred mariage, hieros gamos,
motherhood?
Hebe, Ares, Hephaestus
Eileithyia: corruption of Eleuthyia,
“the Coming”
Demeter - Ceres
HH 13 I begin to sing of rich-haired Demeter, revered goddess, of her and
of her daughter lovely Persephone.
Hail, goddess! Keep this city safe, and govern my song.
Demeter and Persephone
treated together
mother and daughter (kore)
Da/mater Dorian
Eleusis, grain
Hestia - Vesta
HH 24 Hestia, you who tend the holy house of the lord Apollo, the Farshooter at goodly Pytho, with soft oil dripping ever from your locks, come
now into this house, come, having one mind [5] with Zeus the all-wise —
draw near, and withal bestow grace upon my song.
HH 29 Hestia, in the high dwellings of all,
Delphi has the communal hearth of
both deathless gods and men who walk on
all of Greece
earth, you have gained an everlasting seat
and highest honor: glorious is your prize
hearth, virgin, tended by daughters
sacred fire, hearth of home and public and your honour. [5] For without you
mortals hold no banquet, — where one
buildings
does not duly pour sweet wine in offering
first and last born of Rhea
to Hestia both first and last. And you, Slayer
stay at home
of Argus, Son of Zeus and Maia, messenger of the
blessed gods, bearer of the golden rod, [10] giver of
symbol of a family line
good, be favorable and help us, you and
libation
Hestia, the worshipful and dear. [9] Come
replaced as non-anthropomorphic
and dwell in this glorious house in
friendship together; [11] for you two, well
knowing the noble actions of men, aid on
their wisdom and their strength.
Athena - Minerva
HH 11 Of Pallas Athena, guardian of the city, I begin to sing. Dread is she, and with
Ares she loves deeds of war, the sack of cities and the shouting and the battle. It is she
who saves the people as they go out to war and come back.
Pallas of Athens, Polias, parthenos, heroes
aegis, owl, grey/green eyed, military, crafts, olive tree
Zeus and Metis, Panathenaia
HH 28 I begin to sing of Pallas Athena, the glorious goddess,
bright-eyed, inventive, unbending of heart, pure virgin,
saviour of cities, courageous, Tritogeneia. Wise Zeus himself
bore her [5] from his awful head, arrayed in warlike arms of
flashing gold, and awe seized all the gods as they gazed. But
Athena sprang quickly from the immortal head and stood
before Zeus who holds the aegis, shaking a sharp spear. . . the
bright Son of Hyperion stopped his swift-footed horses a long
while, until the maiden Pallas Athena [15] had stripped the
heavenly armour from her immortal shoulders. And wise
Zeus was glad.
Ares - Mars
HH 8 Ares, exceeding in strength, chariot-rider, golden-helmeted, strong in spirit, shield-bearer,
saviour of cities, harnessed in bronze, strong of arm, unwearying, mighty with the spear, O
defence of Olympus, father of warlike Victory, ally of Themis, [5] stern governor of the
rebellious, leader of righteous men, sceptred king of manliness, who whirl your fiery sphere
among the planets in their sevenfold courses through the aether where your blazing steeds ever
bear you above the third firmament of heaven; hear me, helper of men, giver of dauntless youth!
[10] Shed down a kindly ray from above upon my life, and strength of war, that I may be able to
drive away bitter cowardice from my head and crush down the deceitful impulses of my soul.
Restrain also the keen fury of my heart which provokes
me to tread [15] the ways of blood-curdling strife.
Rather, O blessed one, give you me boldness to abide
within the harmless laws of peace, avoiding strife and
hatred and the violent fiends of death.
Thracian, Aretê
Aphrodite as cult-partner, wolf
Il. 5. 888 “Don’t sit by me and whine, you renegade. [890]
Most hateful to me art you of all gods that hold Olympus, for
ever is strife dear to you and wars and fighting. You have the
unbearable, unyielding spirit of your mother, Hera; her can I
scarce control by my words.”
Hephaestus - Vulcan
HH 20 Sing, clear-voiced Muse, of Hephaestus famed for inventions. With bright-eyed
Athena he taught men glorious crafts throughout the world, — men who before used
to dwell in caves in the mountains like wild beasts. [5] But now that they have learned
crafts through Hephaestus the famed worker, easily they live a peaceful life in their own
houses the whole year round. Be gracious, Hephaestus, and grant me success and
prosperity!
non-Greek name, Lemnos
smith, workshop
accompanied by Cyclopes
connection to Athena and Athens
Hephaesteum
lame
connection to poet
Fire
volcano