Transcript States of Matter PowerPoint

Yr 10 Chemistry
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States of Matter
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Chemistry is the study of matter, and matter is anything that has mass and takes
up space. Everything around you is matter; including things such as air and
microbes, which you cannot see.
In fact, all matter that exists on Earth can be classified as one of these physical
forms called states of matter.
The physical state of a substance is a physical property of that substance. Each of
the three common states of matter can be distinguished by the way it fills a
container.
A solid is a form of matter that has its own
definite shape and volume. Wood, iron, paper,
and sugar are examples of solids. The particles of
matter in a solid are very tightly packed; when
heated, a solid expands, but only slightly.
Because its shape is definite, a solid may not
conform to the shape of the container in which it
is placed. The tight packing of particles in a solid
makes it incompressible; that is, it cannot be
pressed into a smaller volume.
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A liquid is a form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape
of its container. Common examples of liquids include water, blood, and mercury.
The particles in a liquid are not rigidly held in place and are less closely packed
than are the particles in a solid: liquid particles are able to move past each other.
This allows a liquid to flow and take the shape of its container, although it may not
completely fill the container. A liquid’s volume is constant: regardless of the size
and shape of the container in which the liquid is held, the volume of the liquid
remains the same. Because of the way the particles of a liquid are packed, liquids
are virtually incompressible. Like solids, liquids tend to expand when heated.
A gas is a form of matter that flows to conform to the shape of its container and
fills the entire volume of its container. Examples of gases include neon, which is
used in lights; methane, which is used in cooking; and air, which is a mixture of
gases. Compared to solids and liquids, the particles of gases are very far apart.
Because of the significant amount of space between particles, gases are easily
compressed.
The words gas and vapour, while similar, do not mean the same thing. The word
gas refers to a substance that is naturally in the gaseous state at room
temperature. The word vapour refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is a
solid or a liquid at room temperature. For example, steam is a vapour because at
room temperature water exists as a liquid.
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Q. Complete this table by answering YES or NO to each of the statements below and then
answer the questions given below the table.
Column headings -
STATE
SOLIDS
LIQUIDS
GASES
1
1 - Have mass
2 - Take up space
3 - Take up a definite amount of space
4 - have definite shapes
5 - spread out to take shape of its container
6 - small amounts fill large containers
7 - can be invisible
2
3
4
5
6
7
Scientists recognize a fourth state of matter called plasma, but it does not occur
naturally on Earth except in the form of lightning bolts.
Turn Volume up to hear commentary – at HOME!
The temperature and pressure at which a substance undergoes a phase
change are important physical properties.
The melting point and boiling point are physical properties that can be used
to identify unknown substances. For example, if an unknown substance melts at
801°C and boils at 1413°C, it must be a solid at room temperature and according
to the table above will most likely be?
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Increasing the temperature will increase the speed of the particle
motion and force particles to expand (move away from one another).
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Changing the pressure applied can also cause state changes.
In summary: The kinetic “particle theory” of matter states that
“matter is made up of particles held together by forces and in continual random
motion.”
Property
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Forces
strong
less strong
much weaker
Motion
vibrate about a fixed
position; therefore do
not move through the
body of the solid
vibrate and move
freely at quite high
speeds throughout the
body of the liquid
move randomly and
at high speeds
Distance
particles are
very close together,
and therefore gives
the solid a rigid
shape
particles are slightly
further apart than in a
solid, and take the
shape of the container
which holds the liquid
particles are very far
apart, and therefore
free to take up any
space which is
available to them
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Practice what you have learnt by completing the following quizzes
http://www.innovationslearning.co.uk/subjects/science/activities/sol_liq_gas/frameset.htm
http://www.mcwdn.org/Physics/MatterQuiz.html
http://www.gcsescience.com/q/qslg.html
http://www.docbrown.info/ks3chemistry/7Gxw1.htm
http://www.ri.net/schools/West_Warwick/Sites/shuttle/states%20of%20matter%20quiz.htm
http://www.allthetests.com/quiz05/dasquiztd.php3?testid=1047477119
http://dimdima.com/science/quiz/show_quiz.asp?q_aid=13&q_title=States%20of%20Matter
https://engineering.purdue.edu/MSE/InfoFor/FutureStudents/TriviaQuiz
http://www.vtaide.com/png/matter.htm
http://www.chem4kids.com/extras/quiz_matterstates/index.html
http://www.quia.com/rr/38085.html
http://www.glencoe.com/sec/science/Science600/xw/642.php?iRef=642&iChapter=2
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078600510/student_view0/unit4/chapter16/chapter_review_quizenglish.html
http://justcrosswords.com/Basic_Matter_crozzle.html