Transcript Introduction to Matter

Let’s get to know each other…
1) On a half-sheet of paper (or the back of your Matter pretest) write ONE thing you would like me to know about
you. For example, you could tell me your favorite food,
your best subject in school, your favorite book, or advice
on how I can help you learn.
2) On the colored paper strip, write your name on one side
and something you’re good at on the other.
3) Create a nametag – you can decorate it any way you like!
Ms. Wilk’s Classroom Expectations
1) Be prepared
2) Be respectful
3) Participate
4) Help each other
5) Try your best!
What is Matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).
Chemistry is the study of matter’s properties & how it changes.
Examples
Non-Examples
The Particle Theory of Matter
1) All matter is made of extremely tiny particles
2) All pure substances are made up of their own kind of particle
3) All particles are moving
4) Particles at higher temperature move faster than those at
lower temperature
5) Particles are attracted to each other.
1) What is matter made of?
Elements cannot be broken down into any other substance by
either a physical or chemical change.
Atoms are the smallest possible particle of an element.
1) What is matter made of?
A Compound is made up of two or more elements that are
combined chemically.
The smallest possible particle of a compound is called a
molecule.
1) What is matter made of?
Atoms and Molecules: Molecules are made up of
groups of atoms. How many atoms are in each of
these molecules? (p.98 in your textbook)
2) What is a pure substance?
Elements can only be broken down through a nuclear change.
Compounds can only be broken down through a chemical
change.
Elements and compounds are considered pure substances
Because they cannot be broken down physically.
2) What is a pure substance?
Because you cannot have half of an atom…
Elements always combine into compounds according to
a set ratio.
This is known as the law of constant proportion.
3) How does matter move?
The atoms and molecules of solids vibrate very quickly in place.
The atoms and molecules of liquids flow around each other
The atoms and molecules of gases fly around at large distances.
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
4) What happens to matter when it is heated?
ADDED HEAT
INCREASED ENERGY/SPEED
5) How do particles attract?
Atoms are held together by chemical bonds.
Molecules are held together by electrostatic forces.
Mixtures
A Mixture is made of two or more substances (elements OR
compounds) that are combined physically.
Components of mixtures can be combined in ANY ratio.
They can be separated by a physical change.
Mixtures
Heterogeneous mixtures have visible separate parts that can
be easily separated by moving the parts around.
(hetero = different)
Homogenous mixtures are combined so smoothly that you
cannot see the separate parts. However, they can still be
separated through a physical change.
(homo = same)
Types of Mixtures
Mixtures
Which of these foods are
heterogeneous and which are
homogeneous? (p. 100)
Separating Mixtures (p.101)
Remember!
Changes of state can be used
to separate mixtures because
each substance has a different
boiling or melting point.
Separating Mixtures (p.101)
Ink (and other pigments)
can be separated by
Properties of Matter
Complete the Venn diagram with the properties of water from a glacier
and from a geyser.(p. 93 in your textbook)
Properties of Matter
Characteristics that describe matter are called properties.
Physical properties can be observed without changing matter
into another substance.
Chemical properties describe matter’s ability (or inability) to
change into another substance.
Examples of physical properties
Review: measuring physical properties
Property
Definition
The amount of matter in a
substance
The amount of space an amount
of matter occupies
The mass of a substance per unit
volume
Units
Review: measuring physical properties (p.103)
Mass: Use the first scale to estimate the mass of the fish on the other scales.
Review: measuring physical properties (p.104)
Mass: What is the mass of each object, measured in kilograms?
Review: measuring physical properties (p.105)
Volume: What is the volume of the suitcase?
Review: measuring physical properties (p.105)
Measuring Irregular Objects
One way to measure the volume of an irregular
object is to submerge it in liquid in a graduated
cylinder. If the original liquid level for this cylinder
was 15 mL, what is the volume of the rock?
Review: measuring physical properties (p.106)
Density
Liquids can form layers based on
density. Which colored layer of
liquid represents:
1) Water: 1.g/ml,
2) Honey: 1.36 g/ml,
3) Dish Soap: 1.03 g/ml,
4) Corn Syrup: 1.33 g/ml,
5) Vegetable oil: 0.91 g/ml?
Examples of Chemical Properties
Ability to…
…REACT!
Examples of Chemical Properties
Changes of Matter
A Physical Change alters the appearance or state of matter,
but does not change it into a new substance. The physical
and chemical properties of the substance remain the same.
A Chemical Change produces new substances with different
physical and chemical properties than before.
Examples of Physical Change
Changes of State
Changes of Shape or Position
ADDED HEAT
Remember: Adding heat changes the state of the substance, but not the identity.
Examples of Chemical Change
Change
Description
Rapid combination of fuel with
oxygen. Produces heat, light, &
a new substance
Use of electricity to break a
compound into elements
Slow combination of a
substance with oxygen.
Slow combination of a metal
with sulfur or another
substance, producing a dark
coating.
Example
Chemical Change: How can you tell?
Chemical Change: How can you tell?
Compounds From Elements
What are the properties of copper, sulfur, and copper sulfide? (p. 99)
Remember:
Combining substances
CHEMICALLY creates a
NEW substance with
NEW properties.