Transcript What is the Matter?

Matter
Elements
& their
combinations
account
for all the
matter in
the world.
Chemistry is the
study of changes in
matter.
• Everything in the
universe is matter.
• Matter is
something that
takes up space
and has mass.
• All matter is made
of atoms.
This is carbon.
It is an element
Made of one kind
of atom.
This is granite. It isn’t
an element. It is made of
Many different kinds of atoms.
Elements
& their
combinations
account
for all the
matter in
the world.
Properties of Matter
•Matter has volume
Matter has mass
Matter has weight
Matter film
What are the states of
matter?
•Solid
•Liquid
•Gas
Matter changes its state when energy is added or removed.
What are Atoms?
• Greek=Unbreakable
• Atoms are the basic
building blocks of
matter that make up
everyday objects. A
desk, the air, even you
are made up of
atoms!
• There are 90 naturally
occurring kinds of
atoms. Scientists in
labs have been able to
make about 25 more.
What is in an Atom?
• Electrons = Negative
Charge
• Protons = Positive
Charge
• Neutrons = Neutral
Charge
Elements
& their
combinations
account
for all the
matter in
the world.
Atomic Structure Film
Elemental Information
• The top number is the
atomic number. The
atomic number tells
how many protons are
in one atom of that
element.
• The bigger number is
the atomic mass. The
atomic mass is the
sum of the protons,
neutrons, and
electrons.
Elements
& their
combinations
account
for all the
matter in
the world.
Elements Film
Periodic Table of Elements
Periodic table of elements film
Elements
& their
combinations
account
for all the
matter in
the world.
Physical Change
• A Physical Change is
a change in state only.
• The atoms and
molecules have the
same structure, just
more or less energy.
• You CAN GO BACK.
Chemical Change
• The substances
present at the
beginning of the
change are not
present at the end
• new substances are
formed.
• The change cannot
be “undone.”
• iron rusting
• gasoline burning
• eggs cooking
• bread rising
Metals and Nonmetals
Metals
Givers
• Metals are GIVERS
• Luster (shininess)
• Good conductors of heat
and electricity
• High density (heavy for
their size)
• High melting point
• Ductile (most metals can
be drawn out into thin
wires)
• Malleable (most metals
can be hammered into thin
sheets)
• Easily lose electrons
• Corrode easily. Corrosion
is a gradual wearing away.
(Example: silver tarnishing
and iron rusting)
Nonmetals
• Nonmetals are
TAKERS
• No luster (dull
appearance)
• Poor conductor of
heat and electricity
• Brittle (breaks easily)
• Not ductile
• Not malleable
• Low density
• Low melting point
• Tend to gain electrons
Takers
Givers and Takers Combine
to Create…Molecules
• There are many
kinds of salts.
• A salt is a chemical
compound made
from a metal and
nonmetal.
• We make them by
mixing strong acids
with strong bases.
• Brittle
• High melting point
• Soluble in Water
• Conducts electricity
when dissolved in
water
Salts
Molecules
Molecules
Solutions vs. Mixtures
A solution is a
liquid in which
one kind of
matter (solute)
is evenly
distributed
within another
part (solvent).
Examples of
solutions…
•Sugar water
•Carbonated
drinks
•Salt water
Solutions vs. Mixtures
A mixture is a
situation where
molecules are
near one
another, but not
chemically
changed.
Examples of
mixtures…
•Sand and
water
•Muddy water
•Salt water
•Alloys (metal
mixtures)
•Emulsions (oil
and water
mixtures)