Transcript SENSORY PERCEPTION

SENSORY PERCEPTION
DEFINE AND DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT OF SENSORY
PERCEPTION
Definition
Sensory perception is the ability to receive sensory input and, through various
physiological processes in the body, translate the stimulus or data into meaningful information.
Note: Concept focus is on physiologic processes; it does not include psychiatric applications
(e.g., auditory, tactile, visual hallucinations, psychosis).
Goals for This Concept Presentation
1.
Define and describe the concept.
2.
Notice the risk factors impaired sensory perception.
3.
Recognize when an individual has impaired sensory perception.
4.
Provide appropriate nursing and collaborative interventions to optimize sensory
perception.
OBJECTIVES
1.
Explain the concept of Sensory (including definition, antecedents, and attributes).
2.
Analyze conditions which place a patient at risk for sensory perception imbalance.
3.
Identify when sensory imbalance (negative consequence) is developing or has
developed.
4.
Discuss exemplars of common sensory perception disorders.
Objectives cont’d
5. Apply the nursing process (including collaborative interventions) for individuals
experiencing sensory imbalances and to promote normal sensory perception.
NEGATIVE SENSORY PERCEPTION CONSEQUENCES
Visual impairment
1.
Impairments range from minor distortion to complete blindness.
2.
Injury and developmental delays may develop.
3.
Psychosocial consequences include learning difficulties, depression, anxiety,
loss of self-worth, and difficulties with interpersonal relationships.
NEGATIVE SENSORY PERCEPTION CONSEQUENCES
CONT’D
Hearing impairment
1.
Impairments range from minor distortions of speech to complete hearing loss.
2.
Injury, communication difficulties, and developmental delays may develop.
3.
Psychosocial consequences include problems with relationships, learning, and
work, isolation, and frustration.
NEGATIVE SENSORY PERCEPTION CONSEQUENCES
(CONT’D)
Impaired taste and smell
1.
Impairments can result in anorexia, weight loss, and malnutrition.
2.
Food poisoning can occur from the ingestion of spoiled food.
3.
Safety risk occurs from environmental dangers.
4.
Psychosocial consequences impact one’s quality of life.
SENSORY PERCEPTION CONSEQUENCES
(CONT’D)
Touch impairment
1.
Impairments range from minor distortion of touch to a complete loss of touch
sensation.
2.
Injury (i.e. decreased ability to sense pain, heat, or cold) may develop.
3.
Activities of daily living and occupational skills are reduced.
POSITIVE SENSORY PERCEPTION CONSEQUENCES
Positive Outcomes
1.
Distinguish between sharp and blunt objects or hot and cold by touch.
2.
Interact to/with others with understanding.
3.
Ability to read and commute through visual acuity.
4.
Enjoy taste of food.
NURSING CARE
What needs to be known to care for a patient?
ANTECEDENT: A thing or event that existed before or logically precedes another.
--What has to occur for sensory perception to be recognized?
External stimuli
Intact neural system
(continued)
Intact and functioning, visual, gustatory, auditory and integumentary system.
Note: all of the above can be related to issues of the life cycle.
? ATTRIBUTES ?
Quality
Characteristic
Trait
An object closely associated to a specific thing
Review of Sensory System
Vision
Hearing
Taste
Smell
Touch
Hearing : Normal hearing range in
adults is from 0 db hearing level to
25 db hearing level.
Vision, visual acuity 20/20
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM: INTACT
The largest organ in the
body.
Gustatory: Sensations that can be processed by taste (sweet, salt, sour and
bitterness).
Olfactory: odorants are sensed
INTERRELATED CONCEPTS
Interpersonal
Relationships
Communication
Human Development
Mobility
Intracranial Regulation
Interrelated
Concepts
Nutrition
End of Life
Comfort
Safety
SUB-CONCEPTS
Role of Senses
in adapting to
environment
Factors
Affecting
Perception
Sub-Concepts
Medication
effects
Lack of
Stimuli
EXEMPLARS
•
Cataracts
•
Eye Injuries
•
Glaucoma
•
Peripheral Sensory Disease
•
Conductive Hearing Loss
•
Macular Degenerative Disease
•
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
EXAMINATION OF THE SENSORY SYSTEMS
Vision
• Inspection of the external eye
• Visual acuity
• Ophthalmic examination
• Pupillary response
Hearing
Evaluation of hearing
Inspection of the external ear
Inspection of the internal ear
Taste and Smell
•
Inspect tongue and oral cavity
•
Inspect nose
•
Check for patency of nasal airway
•
Test tasting ability
•
Test smell
Tactile assessment
• Romberg test for balance
• Tests of hot and cold, sharp and dull, localization of sensation
• Monofilament testing
COMMON DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Vision
•
Visual fields test, noncontact tonometry
Hearing
•
Pure tone air conduction hearing test, otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), auditory
brainstem response (ABR)
NURSING DIAGNOSIS/PROBLEM LIST
•
Sensory Perception Disturbance/loss of hearing, vision, gustatory, sensation.
•
Altered role performance / inability to perform job or social role/loss of worth.
•
Social Isolation/Lack of social contact/depression/Anxiety.
•
Body Image disturbance/Disturbance in self-perception.
•
Impaired Communication/ Inability to understand or communicate
words/problems with receiving words.
PROVIDE APPROPRIATE NURSING AND
COLLABORATIVE INTERVENTIONS TO OPTIMIZE
SENSORY PERCEPTION
CLINICAL MANAGEMENT: PRIMARY PREVENTION
•
Use of safety devices
Eye protection, hearing protection
•
Silver Nitrate in newborn’s eyes to prevent infection
•
Proactive management of chronic conditions such as heart disease and diabetes
CLINICAL MANAGEMENT: SCREENING
Collaborative Learning
In your learning groups, look up and discuss the national guidelines for vision and
hearing across the lifespan.
Specific questions to address:
1. At what age should these screenings begin?
2. How often should they occur?
3. How are they performed?
COLLABORATIVE INTERVENTIONS
Vision
• Surgery
•
Visual acuity correction, cataract, macular
degenerative disease
• Pharmacotherapy
•
Beta-adrenergic, prostaglandin analogs, adrenergic agonists,
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, antimicrobial, steroidal, analgesic
• Adaptive methods
•
Eyeglasses, contact lenses, braille, guide dogs
COLLABORATIVE INTERVENTIONS (CONT’D)
Hearing
•
•
•
•
•
•
Surgery
Myringotomy, cochlear implants
Pharmacotherapy
Antimicrobial, steroidal, analgesic
Adaptive methods
Hearing aids, assistive listening, sign language
EXEMPLARS
Collaborative Learning
In your learning groups, select one exemplar from you Exemplar list and analyze this
exemplar related to the following concept perspectives:
Scope and category
Population at risk and factors
Consequences
Assessment
Clinical management
Interrelated concepts
REFERENCES
Giddens, J.F.. Concepts for Nursing Practice, 1st Ed., St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier, 2013.
Ignatavicius, D.D., Workman M.L., Medical-Surgical Nursing: Patient Centered
Collaborative Care, 7th Ed., St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier, 2013.