Transcript Chapter 14 - North Mac Schools

LESSON 1 – HEALTHY SKIN, HAIR AND NAILS
Facts about skin:
• Largest organ of the body
• Produces perspiration to help keep body cool
• Main organ of the integumentary system
• Physical barrier between the outside world and internal
organs
• 1st line of defense against pathogens entering the body
Structure and Function of the Skin
• Skin has 2 main layers
1. Epidermis – the outer, thinner layer of skin (living and
dead cells)
2. Dermis – thicker layer under the epidermis (connective
tissue, blood vessels, and nerves
LESSON 1 - CONTINUED
3. Melanin – a pigment that gives the skin, hair, and iris of the eye
their color
• People with fair skin are at risk for skin damage from UV
radiation
4. Sebaceous glands – structures within the skin that produce an
oily secretion called sebum
• Main purpose of sebum is to keep the skin from drying out
5. Sweat glands – structures within the dermis that secrete
perspiration through ducts to pores on the skin’s surface
• Why do we sweat?
Healthy Skin
• Wash your face every morning and evening with mild soap and
water
• Daily bathing helps remove and slow the growth of the bacteria
that causes body odor
LESSON 1 - CONTINUED
Skin and the Sun
• When skin is exposed to UV rays, melanin production is
increased
List 2 ways to avoid sunburns:
a) Wear sunscreen
b) Wear protective clothing
Body Piercing and Tattooing
What are you at risk of contracting?
a) Hepatitis B
b) Hepatitis C
c) HIV
Skin Problems
• Acne – pores become clogged, bacteria thrives in the trapped oil,
most common among teens
LESSON 1 - CONTINUED
• Warts – are caused by a virus
a) Usually non – cancerous
b) Can be acquired through contact with infected skin
• Vitiligo – a condition in which patches of skin have lost all
pigment
• Boils – form when hair follicles become infected with bacteria
• Moles – spots that contain extra melanin, most moles are
harmless
6. Melanoma – the most serious form of skin cancer
7. Hair follicle – a structure that surrounds the root of a hair
8. Dandruff – a condition that can occur if the scalp becomes too
dry
LESSON 1 - CONTINUED
CHAPTER 14 – LESSON 2
Caring for the Teeth and Mouth
1. Periodontium – the area immediately around the teeth
•
Good dental health includes:
a)
b)
Regular dental visits
Floss properly
c)
Eat a well balanced diet including foods that contain phosphorus,
calcium, and vitamin C
The tooth is made of 3 parts:
• Crown
•
Neck
• Root
2. Pulp – tissue that contains the blood vessels and nerves of a tooth
3.
•
Plaque – a sticky colorless film that acts on sugar to form acids
that destroy tooth enamel and irritate gums
Tooth decay occurs when the bacteria in plaque produces acids that
destroy tooth enamel
LESSON 2 - CONTINUED
Problems of the Teeth and Mouth
• Halitosis (bad breath) – can be caused by eating certain food,
poor oral hygiene, smoking, bacteria on tongue, decayed teeth, or
gum disease
4. Peridontal disease – an inflammation of the peridontal
structures (caused by bacteria) – gum disease
5. Tartar – hard crust-like substance formed when plaque hardens
• Malocclusion – (bad bite) sometimes corrected by wearing
braces
• Oral cancer (cancer of the mouth) , bad breath, and receding
gums are all side effects of tobacco use.
LESSON 2 - CONTINUED
LESSON 3 – EYE CARE
• One of the main functions of the eye is to gather light
1. Lacrimal gland – gland that secretes tears into ducts that empty
into the eyes
Tears
• Keep the surface of the eyeball moist
• Keep eyeball clear of foreign particles
• Consists of water, salts, and mucus.
• To help protect the eye against infection
Parts of the eye:
2. Sclera – the tough white part of the eye
3. Cornea – a transparent tissue that bends and focuses light
before it enters the lens
4. Choroid – a thin structure that lines the inside of the sclera
LESSON 3 - CONTINUED
• The iris is the colored portion of the eye that contains the pupil
• The pupil is the hole through which light reaches the inner eye
5. Retina – light sensitive membrane on which images are cast by
the cornea (light sensitive cells made of rods and cones)
6. Vitreous humor – a cavity filled with gelatin like substance that
helps the eyeball stay firm
• The lens curves when it focuses on objects that are near
List 4 healthy behaviors that will help keep your eyes healthy
• Follow a well balanced diet – Vitamin A
• Protect your eyes
• Have regular eye exams
• Rest your eyes regularly
LESSON 3 - CONTINUED
Eye Problems:
• Myopia – (nearsightedness) a person cannot see distant objects
clearly
• Hyperopia – (farsightedness) near objects appear blurry
• Astigmatism – the eye cannot focus properly
• Strabismus – eyes appear off center, or turned inward or outward
• All of these problems are correctable
Diseases of the Eye
• Detached retina – warning signs include blurred vision or seeing
bright flashes of light
• Glaucoma – abnormally high pressure inside the eye, can lead to
irreversible damage
• Cataracts – your clear lens (of the eye) becomes cloudy and images
appear foggy or blurry – old lens can be removed and replaced with
a new artificial lens
• Macular degeneration – when cells of the macula begin to
malfunction, leading cause of vision loss for people over 60, no cure
and limited treatment
LESSON 3 - CONTINUED
• Sty – an inflamed swelling condition of a sebaceous gland near
the eyelash
• Conjunctivitis (pinkeye) – inflammation of the conjunctiva, a thin
membrane that covers the sclera lining of the eyelids
• Cones – allow humans to see in color
LESSON 4 – EARS AND HEARING PROTECTION
• The ear has 3 main sections
The Outer Ear:
• The visible part of the ear called the auricle
• The auricle helps channel sound waves into the
1. External auditory canal – a passageway about 1 inch long that
leads to the remaining portion of the outer ear, the eardrum
• Lined with tiny hairs and glands that produce wax to protect the
ear from dust and foreign objects
• Eardrum (tympanic membrane) a thin membrane that acts as a
barrier between the outer and middle ear
The Middle Ear:
• Directly behind the eardrum
2. Auditory ossicles – 3 small bones that connect the eardrum to
the inner ear (smallest bones in the body)
LESSON 4 - CONTINUED
• Connected to the throat by the eustachian tube
• Tube allows pressure to be equalized on either side of the
eardrum when you swallow or yawn
The Inner Ear:
3. Labyrinth – network of curved or spiral passages with 3 main
parts
a) Cochlea – area of hearing in the inner ear
b) vestibule – where balanced is controlled
c)
Semicircular canals – also where balance is controlled
Healthy Behaviors for Healthy Ears
• Clean them regularly
• Protect the outer ear from injury and extreme cold
• Wear protective gear when playing sports
• Keep foreign objects out of the ear
LESSON 4 - CONTINUED
• See a health care professional if an ear infection is suspected
• Regular hearing tests
• Avoid loud noises (can lead to):
a) Temporary hearing loss
b) Deafness (permanent hearing loss)
Problems of the Ear
Hearing loss can be divided into 2 categories:
• Conductive hearing loss (sound waves are not passed from the outer
ear to the inner ear) most common in children due to a build up of
fluid
• Sensorineural hearing loss (results from damage to the cochlea,
auditory nerve, or the brain)
4. tinnitus – a condition in which a ringing, buzzing, whistling, roaring,
hissing, or other sounds is heard in the ear in the absences of
external sound
• Natural aging
• Certain health conditions (high blood pressure)
• Over exposure to loud noises
LESSON 4 - CONTINUED
Protect Your Ears
• Lower the volume of the noise
• Wear ear plugs
• Limit the length of time you are exposed to loud noise