Transcript Chapter 4 - 3rdgrade-libertyschool

Chapter 4
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Sensation and Perception
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HOLT, RINEHART
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Chapter 4
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Hmmm…what do you think???
 Sensation and perception are essential to
human communication, learning, and survival.
Write down an example of (1) a situation in
which you experienced difficulties as a result
of failing to hear, see, taste, smell, or feel
something in the environment and of (2) a
situation in which you sensed something in the
environment but were unable to accurately
interpret the sensory information.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Chapter 4
SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
Section 1: Sensation and Perception: The Basics
Section 2: Vision
Section 3: Hearing
Section 4: Other Senses
Section 5: Perception
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Chapter 4
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Chapter 4: Section 1
Sensation and Perception: The Basics
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Chapter 4
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Main Objective:
 Distinguish between sensation and
perception, and explain how they
contribute to an understanding of our
environment.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
CHAPTER
Chapter
4 4
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Sensation and Perception
Senses
Vision
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Hearing
Smell
Touch
Taste
Body Senses
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Chapter 4
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
What is Sensation and Perception??????
 Sensation:
 The stimulation of sensory receptors and the
transmission of sensory information to the central
nervous system (the spinal cord and brain).
 Perception:
 Psychological process through which we interpret
sensory stimulation.
 EX: We realize that the people
on a small TV are bigger in real life.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Chapter 4
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Stimulation of senses and the ways in which people
interpret that stimulation are affected by
several concepts:
 Absolute threshold
 Difference Threshold
 Signal-detection theory
 Sensory adaptation
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 4
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Absolute Threshold:
 Absolute Threshold:
 The weakest amount of a stimulus that can be
sensed.
 EX: Hearing the first beep in a hearing test.
 Dogs can hear and smell things that people cannot…they have
a different threshold.
 Thresholds differ
from person to person!
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Chapter 4
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Difference Threshold:
 Difference threshold:
 The minimum amount of difference that can be
detected between two stimuli.
 EX: differences in shades of color.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Chapter 4
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Signal-Detection Theory:
 A method of distinguishing sensory stimuli that takes
into account not only their strengths but also such
elements as the setting, your physical state, your
mood, your attitudes, and motivation.
 EX: Mind wandering in class…
you still hear but your mind
will wander.
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AND
WINSTON
Chapter 4
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Sensory Adaptation:
 The process by which we become more
sensitive to weak stimuli and less sensitive
to unchanging stimuli.
 Sensory systems adapt to changing environment.
 Seeing people in movie theater (weak stimuli)
 City dwellers adapt to sounds
of traffic (unchanging stimuli)
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AND
WINSTON
Chapter 4
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Video on Sensation & Perception
30 minutes
Write 15 interesting facts/concepts throughout
video!
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AND
WINSTON
PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 4
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Chapter 4: Section 2
Vision
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AND
WINSTON
Chapter 4
Section 2: Vision
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Question: How does the eye enable vision?
THE EYE AND VISION
 Light enters the eye and then is projected onto a
surface
 The amount of light that enters the eye is determined
by the size of the pupil which adjusts automatically to
the amount of light entering the eye
 Once light enters the eye, it encounters the lens which
adjusts to the distance of objects by changing its
thickness
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Chapter 4
Section 2: Vision
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Question: How does the eye enable vision?
THE EYE AND VISION (continued)
 These changes project a clear image of the object
onto the retina, which consists of neurons that are
sensitive to the light called photoreceptors
 Once the light hits the photoreceptors, a nerve carries
the visual input into the brain where the information
is relayed to the visual area of the occipital lobe
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WINSTON
Chapter 4
Section 3: Hearing
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Question: How does the ear perceive sound?
HOW THE EAR PERCEIVES SOUND
 Sound enters the outer ear and is funneled to the
eardrum
 Inside the middle ear, the hammer, anvil, and stirrup
vibrate, transmitting the sound to the inner ear
 Within the brain, auditory input is projected onto the
hearing areas of the cerebral cortex
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AND
WINSTON
Chapter 4
Section 4: Other Senses
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Question: What are the chemical, skin, and body senses?
CHEMICAL, SKIN, AND BODY SENSES
 Smell – allows a person to taste
 Taste – sweetness, sourness, saltiness, and
bitterness
 Skin senses of pressure, temperature, and pain
 Vestibular and kinesthetic body senses
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WINSTON
Chapter 4
Section 5: Perception
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Question: What are the laws of sensory perception?
LAWS OF SENSORY PERCEPTION
 Closure – the tendency to perceive a complete or
whole figure even when there are gaps in what
your senses tell you
 Figure-ground perception – the perception of a
figure against a background
 Proximity – the tendency to group together visual
and auditory events that are near each other
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AND
WINSTON
Chapter 4
Section 5: Perception
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Question: What are the laws of sensory perception?
LAWS OF SENSORY PERCEPTION (continued)
 Similarity – thinking of similar objects as
belonging together
 Continuity – the tendency to group stimuli into
continuous patterns
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