Transcript Environmental Technology

Environmental Technology
Excessive Noise
Noise Generators
Obj 7.05: Excessive Noise?
Physical Damage
 Temporary hearing loss
 Below 80 dBA usually OK
 Permanent hearing loss
 150 dBA or more can
shatter eardrum
 Can increase blood
pressure and pulse rate
Obj 7.05: Excessive Noise?
Emotional & Psychological
Damage
 High anxiety, stress and
irritability
 Lack of sleep
 Mental fatigue
 Lack of concentration
Obj 7.06: Noise Generators
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Roadway traffic
Railway traffic
Air traffic
Industrial,
manufacturing
(including
construction), and
other production
noise
How much is too much?
The various ministries at the Federal,
Provincial levels (e.g. Ministry of the
Environment) establish requirements for
noise assessment and control
 Municipalities will establish by-laws on
noise
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Roadway Traffic
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Traffic volume
Operating speed
Vehicle type and mix
Road grade
Pavement type
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Distance from
roadway to receiver
Obstacles between
roadway and
receiver
Elevation of roadway
and receiver
Railway Traffic
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Volume of trains
Operating speed
Number of engines
Length of train
Rail grade
Rail condition and
maintenance
Freight vs passenger
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Distance from
railway to receiver
Obstacles between
railway and receiver
Elevation of railway
and receiver
Crossing protection
and whistles
Air Traffic
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Number of runways
Runway orientation
Number of planes
Scheduling and
hours of operation
Type of aircraft
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Distance from
runway to receiver
Restrictions on
power for takeoff
Restrictions on
landing paths,
heights of approach
Industry Noise
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Type of industry and
machinery
Hours of operation
Inside vs outside
noise production
Heavy vehicle
transportation needs
Distance from noise
source to receiver
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Obstacles and
barriers between
source and receiver
Elevation of source
and receiver
Obj 7.07: Maximum Noise Levels
MOEE Ontario is responsible for
guidelines and noise requirements
 MOEE has software (STAMSON)
capable of predicting noise levels
from road & rail traffic
 estimated noise levels are then
compared to the maximums set by
MOEE
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MOEE
Obj 7.07: EXAMPLE
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this ameans
for
Single
that
Family
the maximum
Home
tolerable
Outdoor noise in a backyard is
55dBA
(conversational
noise limit
is 55dBA forspeech)
an
when
these
limits
cannot
“outdoor
living
area”
56m2be
,
met
due 3m
to occasional
air orof
centred
from the back
rail
a “Noise
Warning
the traffic,
house (other
sizes
for
Clause”
is registered
other housing
types) on the
title of property to warn
prospective buyers, as with
easements
Obj 7.07: EXAMPLE
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indoor
noise limits are much lower
they depend on the room type
and the time of day
noise levels in a bedroom
between 11 pm and 7 am must
not exceed 40dBA (library)
Obj 7.08: Noise Control
Reduce from
Noisezoning
Level at
its Source
Apart
by-laws
that can restrict
what
an ongoing
objective
of vehicle
machinery
activities
can be
carriedand
out
on
manufacturers
particular
parcels of land and at what times
of
isolation
of machinery
using what
acoustical
enclosures
the year,
week or day,
strategies
andbe
absorbent
can
used tomounts
abate the effects of noise?
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regular and thorough maintenance
Increase Source-to-Recipient Distance
 high demand for transporation and accessiblity
 “space economics” in modern urban areas makes
this a non-viable approach after the fact
 Site Planning can address this
Obj 7.08: Noise Control
Protect Recipient
 ear protection such as ear plugs or ear muffs
 only an option in certain working environments
 cannot apply this approach to everyone (analogous
to fitting everyone with breathing apparati or
“bubble suits”)
Intercept Noise
 Site Planning Techniques
 noise barriers
 special building components and materials
Obj 7.09: Site Planning Techniques
vegetation
“sacrificial
easiest
and townhouse
most
cost-effective
units
way to
use building
itselfare
to placed
block
abatetonoise
next
expressways
is during
development
ornoise
railways towhen
site plans the
“insulate”
are being
rest of
produced
the subdivision
from
coniferous
use topography
trees,
bushes
noise
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Figure
6 in Course Notes shows hedges,
a siteberms,
plan
hills,
landscaping
 townhouse
for an office
wall
building,
facing noise
adjacent
source
to aisnoise
parking
lots inbarrier
front
source (road
constructed
as
or arail)
noise
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(noise insensitive)
several simple noise abatement techniques used: