Transcript Habits, Preferences and Protective Behaviors Regarding Loud Sound

Habits, preferences and protective
behaviors regarding loud sounds
Keila A. Baraldi Knobel
Maria Cecília M. Pinheiro Lima
113.9 dBA
at 25 cm: 91.5 dBA
60-130 dB
112.1 dBA
25 cm: 91.7 dBA
prevalence of NIHL in children
NHANES III 1988-1994, n=5249 Niskar et al, 2001 Pediatrics 108(1)
6-19 y.o. = 12.5% NIHL
6-11 y.o. = 8.5%
NHANES 2005-2006, n=1771 Shargorodsky et al., 2010 JAMA 304(7)
noise exposure x NIHL was the same
1 6-19 y.o. = 16.4% high frequency HL
hearing conservation programs for children
hearing conservation programs for children
aims
 risk behaviors for NIHL among Brazilian children
 parents’ impressions of the children’s auditory
complaints
 knowledge and beliefs about the effects of noise
exposure to children
questions
 children’s auditory complaints and parents’
impressions
 types of exposures to loud sounds
 knowledge about hearing problems and prevention
 preferences and preconceived notions concerning
hearing
 concerns about noise exposure
methods
distribution of kids in schools
private = 15%
city = 25%
state = 55%
random selection of 437 children from public (city)
and private schools
263 children (51.7% female, mean age 8.29)
parents answered a questionnaire at home
individual interviews at school
approved by the ethics committee of research of the University of
Campinas (number 940/2009)
parent’s educational level
p-value < 0.0001
significance level 5%
what might be harmful to the ears?
70%
68.5%
60%
50%
40%
30%
16.7%
20%
10%
2.7%
2.7%
1.8%
1.9%
1.1%
4.6%
0%
loud
sounds
didn't infections water
know
cold
objects
weather
nothing
others
hearing history & complaints
sound level preference
loud sounds exposures
public
private
p-value
parties or concerts
47.9%
42.7%
0.3992
carnival parties
34.9%
45.3%
0.0875
107-119 dBA
loud sounds exposures
public
private
p-value
parties or concerts
47.9%
42.7%
0.3992
carnival parties
34.9%
45.3%
0.0875
39%
29.1%
0.0908
loud music /home or car
43.1%
13.7%
< 0.0001
loud music / earphones
22.8%
10.3%
0.0076
fireworks
only 2.5% set
the volume of
the music!
loud sounds exposures
public
private
p-value
parties or concerts
47.9%
42.7%
0.3992
carnival parties
34.9%
45.3%
0.0875
39%
29.1%
0.0908
loud music /home or car
43.1%
13.7%
< 0.0001
loud music / earphones
22.8%
10.3%
0.0076
noisy vehicles
2.7%
18.8%
< 0.0001
occupational noise
6.2%
4.3%
0.4973
fireworks
number of different kinds
of loud sound exposures
tinnitus
yes
no
0
11.6%
22.2%
1
27.5%
25.8%
2
29.0%
24.7%
≥3
31.9%
27.3%
p-value 0.2934
risk perception
gender and school diferences
girls were more sensitive to sounds
p=0.0382
public
private
p-value
hearing complaints
35.63%
21.4%
0.0147
likes loud noises
8.9%
1.7%
0.0014
history of ear infections
39.3%
55.2%
0.0159
children x parents
p-value
0.262
trouble in hearing
McNemar test
is the difference significant?
11.3% had had an audiometry
2/3 from private schools
children x parents
p-value
0.262
<0.0001
trouble in hearing
tinnitus
McNemar test
YES
NO
agreement
CHILDREN
61
176
72%
PARENT
31
197
(symetric test)
it is not true that children don’t talk
about their tinnitus
children x parents
trouble in hearing
tinnitus
previous exposure to fireworks
thinks that loud noise damages the ear
thinks that loud music damages the ear
McNemar test
p-value
0.262
<0.0001
0.036
0.118
0.045
protective behaviour
19.4% knew
4.3%
20.3%
45.7%
6.9%
www.dangerousdecibels.org
12.9% didn’t know
3% cotton balls
0.4% nothing
with hands
hearing
protection
1/16 had it
conclusions
parents know about their children auditory complaints
children are exposed to loud sounds by adults
the notion that loud sounds damage the ears is not
enough for children or for adults to avoid it
children don’t have hearing protection when they
would need it
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